Evolution

Question 1

Define species

Answer 1

A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile and viable offspring

Question 2

Define population

Answer 2

A group of individuals of the same species in the same defined geographical area that interbreed.

Question 3

Define mutation

Answer 3

An alteration in the DNA sequence of an organism

Question 4

Define gene pool

Answer 4

the complete set of alleles present in a population

Question 5

Define allele frequency

Answer 5

The proportion of one allele in a gene pool

Question 6

State four factors that affect genetic diversity

Answer 6

Population size
Inbreeding
Migration
Natural disaster

Question 7

Define high biological fitness

Answer 7

Individuals are more likely to survive, reproduce and pass on their alleles to offspring

Question 8

Which levels of classification are used for the binomial name of a species

Answer 8

Genus and species

Question 9

State the eight levels of classification from most broad to least

Answer 9

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species

Question 10

Define evolution

Answer 10

A change in allele frequency over time

Question 11

Define selection pressure

Answer 11

A factor in an organism’s environment that removes unsuited individuals from a population.

Question 12

Give an example of a selection pressure

Answer 12

Competition for resources
Predation
Something that creates a difference between fit and unfit individuals

Question 13

Define selective advantage

Answer 13

The characteristic of an organism that gives an organism a greater chance of surviving and reproducing

Question 14

Give an example of a seleective advantage

Answer 14

One colour variation is better able to camouflage from predators and escape being eaten
Faster individuals are more successful at hunting

Question 15

What is the pneumonic to remember the process of Natural Selection

Answer 15

VAST SEINE

Question 16

What is the scaffold sentence for VA in VAST SEINE when explaining natural selection?

Answer 16

VA – There is variation in the phenotypes in the ……………… population as …………

Question 17

What is the scaffold sentence for ST in VAST SEINE when explaining natural selection?

Answer 17

ST – All organisms face a daily struggle to survive and reproduce. The ……..…….. struggle because of the……………………………selection pressure

Question 18

What is the scaffold sentence for SE in VAST SEINE when explaining natural selection?

Answer 18

SE – The …………………………….. have a selective advantage as……………

Question 19

What is the scaffold sentence for IN in VAST SEINE when explaining natural selection?

Answer 19

IN – The organisms that have a selective advantage (………………..), survive, reproduce and their offspring inherit the alleles for the trait of………………….

Question 20

What is the scaffold sentence for E in VAST SEINE when explaining natural selection?

Answer 20

E – Evolution occurs by natural selection and there is a change in allele frequency over time and the ………..… population becomes better suited to its environment.

Question 21

Define Speciation

Answer 21

Speciation: The evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species

Question 22

What is the scaffold for an allopatric speciation question?

Answer 22

Two populations of ______ are geographically isolated by a permanent geographical barrier of _______.
There are different selection pressures acting on each population of ________.
Mutations accumulate over many generations in each population.
Eventually they can no longer interbreed to produce fertile and viable offspring and would be considered 2 separate species.

Question 23

Define divergent evolution

Answer 23

The accumulation of differences between closely related populations within a species, leading to speciation.

Question 24

Define homologous structures

Answer 24

Similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features may serve completely different functions.

Question 25

Define convergent evolution

Answer 25

The process whereby distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits to adapt to a similar niche

Question 26

Define analogous structures

Answer 26

Features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

Question 27

Which type of structure: homologous or analgous, indicates divergent evolution?

Answer 27

homologous