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Honors Biology > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A

—Grows, changes, repairs
—Reproduces
—Has DNA
—Made of cells
—Respires
—maintains homeostasis
—has a metabolism/processes energy
—responds to environment

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2
Q

What are traits?

A

Observable characteristics

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3
Q

What are the three trait styles?

A

Physical, behavioral, physiological/metabolic

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4
Q

What are trait variations?

A

They are changes in traits due to genetic mutations

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5
Q

What are the biggest and smallest groupings in the “System of Taxonomy?”

A

Domains and Species

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6
Q

Who thought up the theory of evolution?

A

Charles Darwin

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7
Q

What is evolution?

A

Evolution describes the ways in which populations change over time from generation to generation.

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8
Q

What are populations?

A

Organisms of the same species living in the same general area.

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9
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

A variation that gives an organism an advantage in “Surviving, thriving, and reproducing.”

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10
Q

What is natural selection?

A

When the environment determines which traits are desirable and which are not.

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11
Q

What are selection pressures?

A

Stresses put on population (Predators, climate change, competition for resources, pollution, diseases, parasites, habitat loss)

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12
Q

What is sexual selection?

A

When a potential mate determines which traits are beneficial.

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13
Q

Who would be more likely to have the most impact in sexual selection?

A

The one that’s going to put the most energy into raising the offspring. (Usually females)

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14
Q

What would some males have more vibrant colors?

A

To impress and show the females during mating that they have a lot of available energy.

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15
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

When humans decide which traits are beneficial in other species.

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16
Q

What could artificial selection also be called?

A

Domestication

17
Q

When a population evolves to the right or left, growing in one of the extremes

A

Directional change

18
Q

When a population evolves to both the left and the right, gaining both extremes and losing the average

A

Diversifying change

19
Q

When a population evolves to the middle, losing both the extremes and gaining the average

A

Stabilizing change

20
Q

What is a niche?

A

Section of a habitat where an organism lives and the resources it consumes there.

21
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The environment where an organism lives.

22
Q

Resources come in ____ types.

A

Two

23
Q

What are Biotic resources?

A

Living resources (other organisms)

24
Q

What are abiotic resources?

A

Non-living resources (Terrain, temperature, available H2O, amount of sunlight, available nutrients, pollution, concentration of co2 and o2)

25
Q

What are the characteristics that make a highly adaptable species?

A

How efficiently you can get nutrients (Generalist or specialist), lot’s of variation, less time between generations, large population

26
Q

What is a generalist?

A

A species that will eat just about anything

27
Q

What is a specialist?

A

You have specific tastes according to food

28
Q

What makes an invasive species?

A

You are a non-native species and must cause great disruption to the native species

29
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

A place with lot’s of different species

30
Q

Convergent Evolution is…

A

—no recent ancestor
—similar traits
—similar selection pressures

31
Q

What are analogous structures?

A

Analogous structures serve similar purposes but don’t come from a common ancestor. (Vision, ability to give birth, mimicry)

32
Q

Divergent Evolution is…

A

—common ancestor
—similar structures
—used for different purposes

33
Q

What are homologous structures?

A

Traits developed through divergent evolution. (Primate forelimbs, whale flippers)

34
Q

What are vestigial structures?

A

Homologous structures that no longer serve a purpose. (Tailbone)

35
Q

Why does extinction occur?

A

Intense selection pressures and species can’t keep up.

Honors Biology (2 decks)

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