Evoloution - Biology yr 10

Question 1

Selective breeding

Answer 1

Is the breeding of plants or animals controlled by humans in order to strengthen some of their hereditary traits.

Question 2

What is selective breeding also known as?

Answer 2

Artificial Selection

Question 3

Selective Agent

Answer 3

Is the environmental factor that acts on the population. The selective agent can be a biotic factor (another living thing)

Question 4

Selection pressure

Answer 4

Is the effect of the selective agent on a population

Question 5

What are individuals that are often less suited to surviving reffered to as?

Answer 5

Poorly adapted or less fit

Question 6

Antibiotic Resistance

Answer 6

A process through which the percentage of bacteria that are genetically resistant to a particular anitbiotic increases over generations

Question 7

What is evidence for evoloution

Answer 7

Fossils
Comparitive anatomy
DNA
Geographical Distribution
Embryology

Question 8

Homologous

Answer 8

Similar in position, structure, and evolutionary origin but not
necessarily in function.

Question 9

Analogous

Answer 9

Similar or comparable to something else.

Question 10

Niche

Answer 10

The role an organism plays in a community.

Question 11

Transitional Form

Answer 11

Fossils or organisms that show the transformation from an ancestral
form to a descendant species.

Question 12

Fossils

Answer 12

Fossils are remains of ancient plants and animals that aid evidence of Earths evoloution.

Question 13

Comparitive Anatomy

Answer 13

Studying structure similarities in organisms for evolutionary insights.

Question 14

DNA

Answer 14

DNA comparisons reveal evolutionary changes across species, demonstrating earths evolution.

Question 15

Geographical distribution

Answer 15

Geographical distribution is all the places on Earth where a particular
species is found.

When studying distributions, many unique species occur on isolated
islands.

Question 16

Embryology

Answer 16

Studies of embryo development, revealing shared traits among species, giving evidence to evolution.

Question 17

What are the 4 Principles/Steps of natural selection, and list them in order

Answer 17

1. Overproduction
2. Variation
3. Adaptation
4. Selection

Question 18

Overproduction

Answer 18

Organisms produce more offspring than can survive, leading to resource competition and selective pressure.

Question 19

Variation

Answer 19

Individuals in a population differ from each other. This is due to random genetic variations or mutations.

Question 20

Adaptation

Answer 20

Some individuals in a population have a trait that makes them better able to survive.

Question 21

Selection

Answer 21

Organisms with a beneficial adaptation are more likely to survive and reproduce and pass on that trait.
Survival of the fittest: Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce passing on their advantageous traits to their offspring.

Question 22

Specieation

Answer 22

Speciation is how new kinds of animals or plants develop over time when groups of them gradually become different genetically and can’t make babies together anymore.

Question 23

Steps of specieation and list them in order

Answer 23

1. Variation
2. Isolation
3. Selections
4. Speciation

Question 24

Variation (speciation)

Answer 24

One population, one species. Within a population a range or variety of characteristics exists. This population shares a common gene pool.

Question 25

Isolation

Answer 25

Two populations, one species. A barrier has formed which prevents interbreeding between the two populations. The two populations now have separate gene pools.

Question 26

Selections

Answer 26

Two subspecies of one species evolve due to different selection pressures acting on each population’s gene pool over generations.

Question 27

Speciation

Answer 27

Two species evolve when isolation and selection persist, leading to significant changes in gene frequencies that prevent successful interbreeding, resulting in separate species.

Question 28

Natural Selection

Answer 28

The process by which an environmental factor acts on a population and results in some organisms having a greater chance of survival.