Evoloution And Species Differences Flashcards
What is evolutionary fitness
Evolutionary fitness refers to an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment, and is determined by the interactions between genes and the environment.
What is kin selection
Kin selection is a type of natural selection that favors the evolution of behaviors that benefit an organism’s genetic relatives, even at a cost to the organism itself.
What animals is kin often observed in
Kin selection is often observed in social animals, such as bees, ants, and certain primates, where individuals live in groups with close genetic relatives. In these species, cooperative behaviors, such as sharing food or defending the group against predators, can increase the survival and reproductive success of the group as a whole, and therefore benefit the genetic relatives within the group.
What is altruism
Altruism is a behavior in which an individual acts to benefit another organism, often at a cost to itself.
What is the difference between kin selection and altruism
Altruism and kin selection are related concepts, but they are not the same thing. Altruism refers to any behavior in which an individual acts to benefit another organism, often at a cost to itself. This can include behaviors that benefit unrelated individuals, such as helping a stranger in need.
Kin selection, on the other hand, is a type of natural selection that favors the evolution of behaviors that benefit an organism’s genetic relatives, even at a cost to the organism itself.
What is Hamiltons rule
Hamilton’s rule is a mathematical formula that describes the conditions under which altruistic behavior (behavior that benefits others at a cost to oneself) can evolve through natural selection.
What does hamiltons rule state
It states that an altruistic trait will increase in frequency in a population if the benefit to the recipient multiplied by the coefficient of relatedness between the actor and recipient exceeds the cost to the actor.
Example of Hamilton rule
Animals producing warning sounds to their pack even if it increases there chance of being predated
Does selection act on a species
No
What is adaptive radiation
Adaptive radiation is a process in evolutionary biology where a single ancestral species diversifies into multiple new species, each adapted to a specific environment or ecological niche.
What is homology
Homology is a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the similarity between different species that is due to their shared ancestry.
What is analogy
In evolutionary biology, analogy (also known as convergent evolution) refers to the phenomenon where different organisms evolve similar structures or functions independently, without sharing a common ancestor with that trait.
Why does welfare=fitness
- in dangerous niches, natural selection favour genes that predispose individuals to negative emotion (fearfulness, low pain threshold)
-castration
-breeding for cute deformities
What is fitness
In evolutionary biology, fitness refers to the relative ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.
