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CET > EVIT chp 45 > Flashcards

EVIT chp 45 Flashcards

1
Q

define AMPLIFIER

A

device enlarging ECG impulses

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2
Q

define ARRHYTHMIA

A

abnormal heart rhythm

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3
Q

define ARTIFACTS

A

activity interfering w/EKG

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4
Q

define ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION

A

excitement and contraction from SA node at beginning of cardiac cycle

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5
Q

define AUGMENTED

A

leads of different voltage (leads 4,5,6)

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6
Q

define CARDIOLOGY

A

study of heart and its diseases

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7
Q

define COUNTERSHOCK

A

high intensity short-duration electric shock to area of heart causing total cardiac depolarization

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8
Q

define CURRENT

A

heart’s electrical activity as waveforms moving thru heart

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9
Q

define DEFIBRILLATOR

A

machine delivering shock to stop pulseless Vfib or Vtach

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10
Q

define ECHOES

A

reflections of sounds

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11
Q

define ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

A

ultrahigh-frequency sound waves directed toward heart to evaluate function and structure

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12
Q

define ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

A

tracing of heart action

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13
Q

define ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH

A

machine recording electrical activity of heart

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14
Q

define ELECTRODES

A

sensory conducting electricity from body

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15
Q

define GALVANOMETER

A

instrument measuring current by electromagnetic action

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16
Q

define HOLTER MONITOR

A

24 hr ECG tracing

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17
Q

define IMPULSES

A

charge transmitted thru certain tissues causing physiological activity

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18
Q

define INTERFERENCE

A

confusion of desired signals from undesired signals

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19
Q

define INTERMITTENT

A

stopping and starting again at intervals

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20
Q

define INTERPRETIVE

A

computerized analysis of ECG tracings

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21
Q

define INTERVALS

A

period including 1 segment and 1 or more waves

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22
Q

define LIMBS

A

refers to arms and legs

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23
Q

define MECHANICAL

A

pertaining to machinery

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24
Q

define MULTICHANNEL

A

capability of ECG equipment of processing impulses from multiple leads

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25
Q

define PRECORDIAL

A

area of chest wall over heart for placement of leads

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26
Q

define PURKINJE

A

network of fibers in cardiac muscle carrying impulses causing contraction of ventricles

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27
Q

define REPOLARIZATION

A

time of recovery before contraction

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28
Q

define SEGMENTS

A

portion of ECG between 2 waves

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29
Q

define SOMATIC

A

structures of body wall

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30
Q

define STANDARDIZATION

A

mark made at beginning of each lead to establish standard of reference

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31
Q

define STRESS TEST

A

gather info about heart during activity

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32
Q

define STYLUS

A

ECG writer

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33
Q

define TRACING

A

production of sketch by means of stylus passing over paper

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34
Q

define VOLTAGE

A

measure of electromotive force

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35
Q

define ISOELECTRIC LINE

A

baseline separating various waves and periods w/no currents

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36
Q

define ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATIONS

A

contraction of atria and is first part of cycle

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37
Q

list the pattern of electrical impulse

A
  • SA node
  • atria
  • AV node
  • bundle of His
  • Purkinje fibers
  • ventricles contract
  • repolarization
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38
Q

list the pattern of electrical waves

A
  • p wave
  • QRS complex
  • T wave
  • U wave
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39
Q

define P wave

A

atrial depolarization

40
Q

what happens during P wave

A

atria contract

41
Q

what happens during QRS complex

A

ventricles contract

42
Q

what does QRS complex represent

A

ventricular depolarization

43
Q

when does T wave happen

A

diastole

44
Q

what does T wave represent

A

repolarization

45
Q

what does U wave represent

A

repolarization of bundle of His and Purkinje fibers

46
Q

define J POINT

A

where ST segment begins; exact pnt of ventricular depolarization stops and ventricular repolarization begins

47
Q

what is the paper rate of EKG

A

25 mm/sec

48
Q

what is the size dimensions of a small square on EKG paper

A

1 mm x 1mm

49
Q

what time does 1 small square represent

A

0.04 sec

50
Q

what voltage does 1 small square represent

A

0.1 mV

51
Q

what voltage does 1 large square represent

A

0.5 mV

52
Q

what time does 1 large square represent

A

0.2 sec

53
Q

what are the size dimensions of 1 large square

A

5 mm x 5mm

54
Q

how many leads are in a 12 lead ekg

A

10

55
Q

what color is V1

A

red

56
Q

what color is V2

A

yellow

57
Q

what color is V4

A

blue

58
Q

what color is V3

A

green

59
Q

what color is V5

A

orange

60
Q

what color is V6

A

purple

61
Q

where is V1 placed

A

4th intercostal right of sternum

62
Q

where is V2 placed

A

mirror V1 on left side

63
Q

where is V4 placed

A

5th intercostal left midclavicular line

64
Q

where is V3 placed

A

between V2 and V4

65
Q

where is V5 placed

A

horizontal to V4 at left anterior axillary

66
Q

where is V6 placed

A

horizontal to V4 @ midaxillary

67
Q

list the standard/bipolar leads

A

leads I, II, III

68
Q

list the augmented/unipolar leads

A

aVR, aVL, aVF

69
Q

what does L1 measure

A

LA and RA

70
Q

what does LII measure

A

LL and RA

71
Q

what does LIII measure

A

LL and LA

72
Q

what does aVR measure (the 2 it uses to calculate and the voltage it measures)

A

LA-LL to measure RA

73
Q

what does aVL measure (the 2 it calculates and the voltage it measures)

A

RA-LL to measure LA

74
Q

what does aVF measure (the 2 it calculates and the voltage it measures)

A

RA-LA to measure LL

75
Q

list types of artifacts

A
  • somatic tremor
  • alternating current
  • wandering baseline
  • interrupted baseline
76
Q

aka: alternating current artifact

A

60 cycle

77
Q

cause of somatic tremor artifacts

A

shaking or tremors

78
Q

cause of alternating current artifact

A

electrical activity

79
Q

cause of wandering baseline

A
  • improper electrode application
  • poorly cleaned skin
  • breathing
80
Q

how should you accomodate for somatic tremors

A
  • put arm electrodes close to shoulders of upper outer arms
  • put hands underneath buttocks
81
Q

what is the cause of interrupted baseline

A

electrode separated by wire or broken lead wire

82
Q

how do premature atrial contractions (PACs) manifest

A

early cardiac cycle and P waves shaped differently

83
Q

PACs are seen in which ppl

A
  • ppl w/serious cardiac issue
  • healthy ppl who smoke/caffeine
84
Q

how does paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) manifest

A

momentary 160-250 bpm and heart flutter

85
Q

PAT is seen in

A
  • healthy ppl
  • ppl w/cardiac disease
86
Q

causes of Afib

A
  • healthy ppl
  • MI
  • hypertension
  • mitral valve disease
  • heart failure
  • thyroid disease
  • pulmonary emboli
  • excessive alcohol consumption
87
Q

how does Afib manifest

A
  • small irregular complexes & p waves can’t be identified
  • 400-500 bpm
88
Q

cause of Afib

A

rapid signals from atria thats not SA node

89
Q

how does premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) manifest

A

beat early in cycle followed by pause before next cycle

90
Q

list causes of PVCs

A
  • healthy ppl + tobacco/stimulants
  • hypertension
  • coronary artery disease
  • lung disease
  • MI
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • lack of O2
  • medications
91
Q

how does ventricular tachycardia manifest

A

at least 3 PVCs at rate of 150-250 bpm w/no P waves and imprecise QRS

92
Q

cause of vtach

A

MI

93
Q

cause of Vfib

A

MI or cardiac disease

94
Q

list pt instructions for stress test

A
  • no eating/smoking/drinks with caffeine or alcohol at least 3 hours before test
  • wear comfortable shoes and loose clothing
95
Q

stress tests continue until..

A
  • target bpm
  • chest pain/concerning BP
  • not enough O2 to heart
  • too tired/other symptoms
96
Q
A

CET (6 decks)

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