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Philosophy > Evil and suffering > Flashcards

Evil and suffering Flashcards

1
Q

What causes moral evil

A

Misuse of human reason and free will

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2
Q

What is natural evil

A

Evil that is not caused by human action

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3
Q

what is the logical problem of evil

A

the idea that god cannot be all loving, all powerful and allow evil

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4
Q

what is the evidential problem of evil

A

adds to the logical problem by considering god is all knowing of the considerable amount of suffering

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5
Q

give an overveiw of the Augustinian theodicy

A

God created a perfect world, however we fell from grace and allowed evil to enter the world hen adam and eve misused their free will. Therefore, evil did not come from god it came from humans

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6
Q

what does St Augustine believe about evil

A

It is a privation of Good. It is not a thing in itself.

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7
Q

What does Augustine believe about Jesus

A

God sent his son to die so that those who believed could be saved and given a new life. Man was redemed by christ

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8
Q

Critisisms of the Augustinian theodicy

A

if humans could choose evil it must have pre-exisited meaning god did not truely create the perfect world
existance of hell contradicts an all loving God
If God foresaw Adam’s choices why did he allow it?
It is ujust and unloving for all humanity to suffer for adams sin
Genisis is just symbolic

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9
Q

Give an overview of the ireanean theodicy

A

God deliberately created an imperfect world so humans could, through trail, become perfect beings. It is soul-making, therfore, suffering helps us develop into better human beings.

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10
Q

Give a quote from St irenaus

A

“A world without problems, difficulties, perils and hardships would be morally static”

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11
Q

Crisisms of the Irenean theodicy

A

Contradits Genisis - God made the perfect world
Suffering doesn’t always lead to positive development
Extremes of suffering- Is it necessary?
Love cannot be expressed by allowing suffering

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12
Q

Strengths of the ireanean theodicy

A

Doesn’t focus on original sin
Alligns with beings made in God’s image
Explains why god allows evil without discrediting his qualities
Accepts/ credits evil
supports evolution

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13
Q

give a quote from st paul to back the Ireanean theodicy

A

“suffering produces perserverence”

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14
Q

Give an overview on Hicks soul making theodicy

A

Believes pain is an instrumental good and provides opportunities for heroism of growth.
The world is a vale of soulmaking.

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15
Q

Explain epistemic distance

A

not knowing about god allows free will to be true as if we did know he was there human will would be more likely to choose the good due to feeling watched. Distance allows genunie freedom

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16
Q

Give a quote from hick

A

man is in the process of becoming the perfected being

17
Q

Give some critisisms of hicks theodicy

A

is the goal of heaven worth the quantity of sufffering?
whats the point if everyone reaches salvation?
god is inconsistant ith his distance - revelation
goes against mainstreem doctrines of heaven and hell

18
Q

describe hicks veiw on hell

A

hell is a second vale: another chance to improve. God is all powerful and will therefore evntually convince everyone to repent, allowing everyone salvation

19
Q

Give an overview of the classic FWD

A

God allows free will to enusure we are truely autonomous and not robots. This leads to moral evil

20
Q

Give an overview of Mackies FWD

A

it’s logically possible for humans to make free, good decisions all of the time. God could have created humans this way however, he did not, therfore, either one of the qualities of god must be denied or he does not exist.

21
Q

what is a second order good?

A

the way we respond to suffering with kindness love and compassion. It maxamises first order goods and minimises effects of first order evils

22
Q

describe plantingas three worlds

A

PW1: god gives morally significant free will. He doesn’t determine what is right. There is no evil (our world)
PW2: god does not give free will. He determines what is right. There is no evil (goodness of robots)
PW3: god gives morally significant free will. He determines what is right. There is no evil (Mackies world)

PW3 is logically impossible

23
Q

give Plantingas responce to mackie

A

god couldn’t create people this way as it would mean our free will would not be morally significant. Most mothers would allow a child a small pain for a greater good. eg vaccination. God allows suffering in order to allow us the grester good of autonomy .

24
Q

give a quote from platinga

A

persons with morally significnt free will is something of tremendous value

25
Q

give the strengths of the fwd

A

plantinga proves mackie wrong
no doubt evils bring about second order goods
establishes freedom is most valuable
humans value the risk of pain and it can even bring enjoyment

26
Q

give the weaknesses of the fwd

A

plantinga cannot prove that his possible world arguments are true
depends of the liberation account of free-will which cannot be proven, only asssumed
not convincing when discussing natural evil.
not convincing when discussing evidential problem - an all loving god would anticipte a huge amount of suffering, so why bother?

27
Q

Give a breif overview of griffins process theology

A

a pantheistic god (exists within the universe) is creaing order out of chaos, rather than creating from nothing.

28
Q

why does griffin reject creation ex nihilo

A

he believes that genisis was mistranslated and god really created from pre exissting materials

29
Q

what god does process theology leave you with

A

he is not omnipoptent or transendent

30
Q

how does process theology solve the problem of evil

A

He did not create, he was using pre-exisiting materials which evil was already built into

31
Q

give the strengths of process theology

A

realistic
supported by scientific fact
god who suffers is relatable

32
Q

give the weaknesses of process theology

A

John roth said “Griffins god is too small” aka too far from classical theism
Evidental problem not explained
why didn’t he change the process
limits god
evil is given too much power

Philosophy (2 decks)

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