Evidence with Respect to the Body Flashcards

1
Q

What is evidence?

A

Any information or material relied on in legal proceedings to prove or disprove a fact or legal argument.

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2
Q

What is testimonial evidence?

A

Statements/testimony in court

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3
Q

Give an example of testimonial evidence.

A

(Expert) witness

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4
Q

What is documentary evidence?

A

Documents

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5
Q

What are the two types of documentary evidence?

A

Manual (handwritten)
Mechanical (word processing)

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6
Q

What are the two types of real evidence?

A

Physical (non-living origin)
Biological (living origin)

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7
Q

What us direct evidence?

A

Proves or disproves a fact beyond speculation

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8
Q

What is indirect evidence?

A

Direct proof of a secondary fact which, by logical inference, demonstrates the ultimate fact to be proven

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9
Q

What are other classifications of evidence briefly discussed in class?

A

Associative
Indicative
Class, latent, trace

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10
Q

Give examples of physical evidence.

A

Footprints
Fingerprints
Toolmarks
Glass
Paint
Fibres
Tire impressions

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11
Q

Give examples of biological evidence.

A

Body (autopsy, physical examination)
Hair
Skin
Bone
Viscera
DNA
Flora and fauna

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12
Q

What is evidence with respect to the body?

A

On, near or in

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13
Q

Give examples of evidence ON the body

A

Fingerprints
Trace evidence
Fluids (bio and physical)
Clothing
Body modifications
Surface wounds
Prostheses
Dirt
Chemicals

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14
Q

Give examples of evidence NEAR the body

A

Paraphernalia
Weapons

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15
Q

Give examples of evidence IN the body

A

Fluids
Projectiles
Ingested items
Weapons/fragments
Prostheses and devices

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16
Q

Why is evidence near the body important?

A

Associated with the victim

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17
Q

What kind of information can be given from weapons found near a body?

A

Suicide v homicide

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18
Q

What is significant information gleaned about drugs near the body?

A

Rx vs illicit

19
Q

What can the setting a body is found in tell us?

A

Sanitary?
Food sources?

20
Q

What type of examinations can be made on the body proper?

A

Surface/superficial
Deep/internal

21
Q

What type of information can be gathered from a regional examination of the body proper?

22
Q

What type of information can be gathered from a systemic examination of the body?

A

Chemical, radiation

23
Q

In a crime, who involved can have bodily samples taken?

A

Victim and perpetrator

24
Q

What is meant by changes to normal anatomy?

A

loss and/or change of structure and/or function

25
What is anatomical evidence used for?
Determine COD, manner and mechanism of death Assist in identification of an unknown decedent or perp Determine postmortem time interval and time of injury Document injuries and pathological conditions Interpretation of events - sequence, timing, players
26
What is cause of death?
Initial injury or disease that produces a physiological derangement in the body that results in death.
27
Give an example of cause of death,
Strangulation
28
What is mechanism of death?
Final physiological derangement/process that results in death
29
Give an example of mechanism of death.
Asphyxia
30
What is manner of death?
Circumstances surrounding death, or the means by which death came about.
31
What are the 5 manners of death?
Natural Homicide Suicide Accidental Undetermined
32
What are the two types of identification?
Definitive/positive Presumptive
33
Which type of identification is scientific?
Definitive/positive
34
Give examples of things that can lead to a definitive/positive identification.
Fingerprint Teeth DNA Radiology Medical hardware/device
35
Give examples of things that can lead to a presumptive identification.
Visual Physical attributes Distinctive marks Circumstantial evidence
36
What type of information is included in documentation of injuries.
Description Category of injury Severity of injury Interpretation of injuries
37
Give examples of injury decription
Type Size Anatomical location Depth
38
Give examples of injury categories
Blunt force Sharp force Firearms Asphyxia Environmental
39
Give examples of how injuries can be interpreted.
Timing Order Cause and effect
40
Why is it important to document disease process?
Determine if they contributed to death or injury
41
How can time since injury or death be determined?
Development of injuries and sequelae Pathophysiology of disease processes Algor, rigor, livor mortis Degree of decomposition
42
What type of information can be determined from interpretation of events?
Was a crime committed? Who was involved (victim vs. perp) Sequence of events? Do the appearance, extent and consequences of injuries corroborate or refute victim/suspect/witness statements
43