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Forensic Anatomy - Forensic Significance > Evidence with Respect to the Body > Flashcards

Evidence with Respect to the Body Flashcards

1
Q

What is evidence?

A

Any information or material relied on in legal proceedings to prove or disprove a fact or legal argument.

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2
Q

What is testimonial evidence?

A

Statements/testimony in court

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3
Q

Give an example of testimonial evidence.

A

(Expert) witness

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4
Q

What is documentary evidence?

A

Documents

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5
Q

What are the two types of documentary evidence?

A

Manual (handwritten)
Mechanical (word processing)

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6
Q

What are the two types of real evidence?

A

Physical (non-living origin)
Biological (living origin)

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7
Q

What us direct evidence?

A

Proves or disproves a fact beyond speculation

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8
Q

What is indirect evidence?

A

Direct proof of a secondary fact which, by logical inference, demonstrates the ultimate fact to be proven

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9
Q

What are other classifications of evidence briefly discussed in class?

A

Associative
Indicative
Class, latent, trace

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10
Q

Give examples of physical evidence.

A

Footprints
Fingerprints
Toolmarks
Glass
Paint
Fibres
Tire impressions

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11
Q

Give examples of biological evidence.

A

Body (autopsy, physical examination)
Hair
Skin
Bone
Viscera
DNA
Flora and fauna

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12
Q

What is evidence with respect to the body?

A

On, near or in

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13
Q

Give examples of evidence ON the body

A

Fingerprints
Trace evidence
Fluids (bio and physical)
Clothing
Body modifications
Surface wounds
Prostheses
Dirt
Chemicals

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14
Q

Give examples of evidence NEAR the body

A

Paraphernalia
Weapons

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15
Q

Give examples of evidence IN the body

A

Fluids
Projectiles
Ingested items
Weapons/fragments
Prostheses and devices

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16
Q

Why is evidence near the body important?

A

Associated with the victim

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17
Q

What kind of information can be given from weapons found near a body?

A

Suicide v homicide

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18
Q

What is significant information gleaned about drugs near the body?

A

Rx vs illicit

19
Q

What can the setting a body is found in tell us?

A

Sanitary?
Food sources?

20
Q

What type of examinations can be made on the body proper?

A

Surface/superficial
Deep/internal

21
Q

What type of information can be gathered from a regional examination of the body proper?

A

Trauma

22
Q

What type of information can be gathered from a systemic examination of the body?

A

Chemical, radiation

23
Q

In a crime, who involved can have bodily samples taken?

A

Victim and perpetrator

24
Q

What is meant by changes to normal anatomy?

A

loss and/or change of structure and/or function

25
Q

What is anatomical evidence used for?

A

Determine COD, manner and mechanism of death
Assist in identification of an unknown decedent or perp
Determine postmortem time interval and time of injury
Document injuries and pathological conditions
Interpretation of events - sequence, timing, players

26
Q

What is cause of death?

A

Initial injury or disease that produces a physiological derangement in the body that results in death.

27
Q

Give an example of cause of death,

A

Strangulation

28
Q

What is mechanism of death?

A

Final physiological derangement/process that results in death

29
Q

Give an example of mechanism of death.

A

Asphyxia

30
Q

What is manner of death?

A

Circumstances surrounding death, or the means by which death came about.

31
Q

What are the 5 manners of death?

A

Natural
Homicide
Suicide
Accidental
Undetermined

32
Q

What are the two types of identification?

A

Definitive/positive
Presumptive

33
Q

Which type of identification is scientific?

A

Definitive/positive

34
Q

Give examples of things that can lead to a definitive/positive identification.

A

Fingerprint
Teeth
DNA
Radiology
Medical hardware/device

35
Q

Give examples of things that can lead to a presumptive identification.

A

Visual
Physical attributes
Distinctive marks
Circumstantial evidence

36
Q

What type of information is included in documentation of injuries.

A

Description
Category of injury
Severity of injury
Interpretation of injuries

37
Q

Give examples of injury decription

A

Type
Size
Anatomical location
Depth

38
Q

Give examples of injury categories

A

Blunt force
Sharp force
Firearms
Asphyxia
Environmental

39
Q

Give examples of how injuries can be interpreted.

A

Timing
Order
Cause and effect

40
Q

Why is it important to document disease process?

A

Determine if they contributed to death or injury

41
Q

How can time since injury or death be determined?

A

Development of injuries and sequelae
Pathophysiology of disease processes
Algor, rigor, livor mortis
Degree of decomposition

42
Q

What type of information can be determined from interpretation of events?

A

Was a crime committed?
Who was involved (victim vs. perp)
Sequence of events?
Do the appearance, extent and consequences of injuries corroborate or refute victim/suspect/witness statements

43
Q
A

Forensic Anatomy - Forensic Significance (5 decks)

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