Evidence to evolution

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

The complete set of genetic material in a cell; an organism’s complete set of DNA

Question 2

Comparative genomics

Answer 2

the comparisons of genome sequences of different species. e.g. The human genome project in 2003.

Question 3

Junk DNA

Answer 3

Non-coding sequences of bases in the DNA

Question 4

Endogenous retroviruses (ERV)

Answer 4

a retrovirus that has become part of an organisms genome and exists in every cell of the body. retroviruses store there genetic info as RNA not DNA

Question 5

reverse transcription

Answer 5

A process where the base sequence in RNA is copied during the synthesis of DNA

Question 6

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

Answer 6

mtDNA is DNA found in the mitochondria of the cells, rather than in the nucleus

Question 7

Inheritance of mtDNA

Answer 7

our mtDNA only come from the egg (i.e. the mother) as after Fertilisation that mtDNA is destroyed in the sperm.

Question 8

Evidence from mtDNA

Answer 8

• mtDNA has a higher rate of mutation
• if mtDNA are identical they are closely related
• mtDNA makes it possible to track the routes of
  migration of common ancestors
• important in mapping relationships between species

Question 9

Protein sequences

Answer 9

A comparison of the type and sequence of the amino acids in the protein of other species.

Question 10

Ubiquitous proteins

Answer 10

one of a group of proteins that appears to be in all species from bacteria to humans; the small protein call ubiquitin was so names because it is present in all types of cells

Question 11

Cytocheme C

Answer 11

a great example of a ubiquitous proteins. Important in the electron transport system in cellular respiration which occurs in all cells.

Question 12

Bioinformatics

Answer 12

the use of computers to describe the molecular components of living. Used to gain info about DNA, proteins.

Question 13

Annotation

Answer 13

Identification of genes in a DNA sequence