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SOCIOLOGY MOCK > Evidence of Social Inequalities > Flashcards

Evidence of Social Inequalities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average annual income of the top 0.1% compared to the other 90%?

A

The top 0.1% have an average annual income of £1,000,970 compared to the other 90% who get £12,969.

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2
Q

What percentage of wealth does the richest 20% hold in the UK?

A

The richest 20% have 60% of all wealth in the UK.

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3
Q

What crisis did men face due to de-industrialisation according to Mac an Ghaill?

A

De-industrialisation meant men lost their job and their role as a breadwinner, leading to a crisis of masculinity.

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4
Q

What did Willis’ study reveal about the ‘Lads’ and their educational choices?

A

The ‘Lads’ formed an anti-school subculture, underperformed in school, and chose to follow their fathers into low paid unskilled manual labour.

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5
Q

What is Bourdieu’s view on the education system’s bias?

A

The education system is biased towards the culture of dominant classes and devalues the knowledge and skills of the working class through the hidden curriculum.

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6
Q

What did Jackson find about ladettes in education?

A

Ladettes adopted anti-school attitudes and were punished more harshly for disruptive behavior, leading to underachievement.

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7
Q

What does the Attainment 8 measure?

A

Attainment 8 measures average grades across eight subjects based on anything above a grade 5.

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8
Q

What is ‘poverty porn’ according to Price?

A

‘Poverty porn’ refers to programmes like Benefit Street that exploit the underclass for entertainment.

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9
Q

What does the term ‘chav’ signify according to Jones?

A

‘Chav’ describes working class culture negatively, with ‘chavtainment’ portraying them as bigoted and slothful.

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10
Q

What is Miliband’s view on the media in a capitalist society?

A

The media is the new ‘opium of the people’ that distracts from real social issues faced in a capitalist society.

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11
Q

What percentage of prisoners come from the lowest social classes according to Walmsley et al?

A

41% of prisoners are from the lowest social classes, despite being 19% of the population.

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12
Q

What does Harding’s Street Casino Metaphor illustrate?

A

Gang life is likened to a risky game where individuals gamble their lives away to gain street capital.

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13
Q

What types of segregation did Adkins identify in the workplace?

A

Horizontal and vertical segregation disadvantage women’s roles in the workplace.

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14
Q

What is the gender pay gap according to The Financial Times?

A

The gender pay gap suggests that a woman effectively works for free from the 30th of November in a year.

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15
Q

What influence does the hidden curriculum have on subject choices according to Skelton?

A

The hidden curriculum negatively influences subject choices by gendering subjects and affecting teacher praise.

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16
Q

How is science perceived in schools according to Kelly?

A

Science is packaged as a boys’ subject, leading to disengagement and underachievement among girls.

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17
Q

What factors negatively influence subject choices according to Colley?

A

Perception of gender roles, subject preferences, and the learning environment negatively influence subject choices.

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18
Q

What was Ferguson’s view on women’s magazines?

A

Women’s magazines promote a ‘cult of femininity’ centered on caring for others and appearance.

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19
Q

What does Tuchmann say about women’s representation in media?

A

The narrow range of roles for women leads to their ‘symbolic annihilation’ in mass media.

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20
Q

What role do girls in gangs take according to Harding?

A

Girls in gangs often act as fixers, hiding weapons and drugs, and face sexual abuse from male gang members.

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21
Q

What is the statistic about women killed by partners according to Bates?

A

Over 2 women a week in the UK are killed by a current or former partner.

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22
Q

What does Leonard say about judges’ perceptions of females?

A

Judges label females as ‘doubly deviant’, leading to harsher punishments and larger criminal records.

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23
Q

What is the trend in men’s working hours according to Dermott?

A

Men work longer hours than women regardless of their status as fathers.

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24
Q

What is the ‘glass cellar’ concept according to Farrell?

A

The ‘glass cellar’ refers to the dominance of men in the lowest-ranked professions.

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25
What did Willis find about the working class 'Lads' and their future?
The 'Lads' were fatalistic about their futures, leading them to low status, low paid manual labour jobs.
26
What did Mitsos and Browne find about teacher treatment of boys and girls?
Teachers treat males and females differently, causing inequality for boys due to leniency on 'laddish' behavior.
27
What were the GCSE results for female and male students in 2019 according to the Department for Education?
71.9% of female students achieved a C/4 grade or higher compared to 62.9% of male students.
28
What influence do rapper role models have on Black Caribbean boys according to Sewell?
Black Caribbean boys turned to rapper role models due to a lack of father figures, leading to deviant subcultures.
29
What view of masculinity is transmitted through media according to Easthorpe?
Media transmits the view that masculinity is based on strength, aggression, and competition.
30
What does the REACH Media Monitoring Project say about coverage of black young males?
Coverage often links black young males with violent crime, providing negative role models.
31
What does Messerschmidt say about gangs and masculinity?
The gang is a location for males to 'do masculinity', which must be accomplished and proved.
32
What does Campbell say about men's expression of masculinity?
Men turn to violence and anti-social behavior to express their masculinity in a de-industrialised society.
33
What is the view of males according to Faludi?
Males are not 'deviant', but are 'performing their masculinity' with expected qualities like toughness.
34
What is the employment rate for the Pakistani/Bangladeshi group according to Gov.uk?
The Pakistani/Bangladeshi group had the lowest employment rate at 55%.
35
What does Wood et al say about job applications for ethnic minorities?
People with ethnic minority names have to make 16 job applications for a positive response.
36
What does Parkin say about ethnic minorities in the workplace?
Ethnic minorities face a concrete ceiling due to social closure by white people.
37
What are the average attainment 8 scores for different ethnic groups according to DfE Statistics?
Chinese - 64.2%, Indian - 56.3%, White British - 46.1%, Black Caribbean - 39.6%.
38
What challenges do Black Caribbean girls face in education according to Mirza?
They face institutional racism and negative labelling, which affects their achievement.
39
What does Gillborn say about Black Caribbean boys in education?
They face institutional racism, leading to lower sets and limited chances for success.
40
What myth does Alexander highlight about Asian youths?
The 'myth' of the Asian Gang was created by media reporting violent clashes.
41
What stereotypes does Dijk identify about black people?
Black people are stereotyped as criminal, abnormal, a threat, unimportant, and dependent.
42
What does Children Now Fair Play say about ethnic minorities in video games?
86% of heroes were white, and 86% of black female characters were presented as victims of violence.
43
What percentage of young people in custody are from BAME backgrounds according to The Lammy Report?
Over 40% of young people in custody are from BAME backgrounds.
44
What does Hood say about custodial sentences for black men?
Black men are more likely to receive custodial sentences for offences that usually have lighter punishments.
45
What does the Social Trends Survey reveal about stop and search statistics?
Black people are almost 7x more likely to be stopped and searched than white people.
46
What challenges do youth face in the workplace according to Ritzer?
Youth often work in low-wage, low-benefit jobs, leading to a 'poverty trap' and mental health issues.
47
How are under 25s treated in the benefit system according to BBC Three?
Under 25s are treated more harshly and receive less support compared to older individuals.
48
What challenges do young people face according to The Equality Trust?
Young people face increasing rental, housing, and accommodation costs.
49
What percentage of mental health problems start before age 24 according to youngpeopleshealth.org.uk?
75% of mental health problems start before age 24, yet they receive only 0.7% of funding.
50
What does The Guardian say about the NHS and young people?
The NHS is institutionally ageist, leading to under-funding and increased burdens on young family members.
51
What moral panic was created around Mods and Rockers according to Cohen?
They were labelled as folk devils, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy of deviance.
52
What negative labels were applied to youth according to Griffin?
Youth were labelled as dysfunctional and deviant, creating stigma and a self-fulfilling prophecy.
53
What percentage of positive stories about teenage boys were reported by Women in Journalism?
Only 24% of stories about teens and sport were positive, and 16% about teens and entertainment.
54
What background do most youth in custody come from according to Jacobson?
3/4 of youth in custody have absent fathers and often come from deprived households.
55
What does Harding say about youth and crime?
Youth face deprivation and turn to crime for income, engaging in deviant activities to gain street capital.
56
What is the issue of ageism in the workplace according to Johnson?
Ageism is institutionalised, making it difficult for older people to find jobs.
57
What percentage of older people live below the poverty line according to The National Pensioners Convention?
1/5 (2.5 million) older people live below the poverty line.
58
What challenges do the elderly face in the labor market according to Barron and Norris?
The elderly are often in low-paying jobs with little chance for promotion, leading to marginalisation.
59
What ageist practices exist in the NHS according to Greengross?
Older patients are often denied clear care plans and clinical treatments.
60
What issues do marginalized elderly individuals face?
They may face mental health issues due to feeling worthless and financial worries over material deprivation, leading to low confidence.
61
How does the NHS treat older patients?
The NHS is institutionally ageist as older patients are treated differently, lacking clear care plans and often only offered 'end of life' care.
62
What surgeries are often denied to patients aged 75 and older?
In some areas, patients aged 75+ are not offered crucial surgeries for breast or bowel cancer, or knee or hip replacements, despite this being illegal since 2012.
63
What decline in services did the elderly experience according to Human Rights Watch?
The elderly were denied crucial services, leading to a decline in health and wellbeing, with improper assessments and a 140% increase in social care complaints from 2010-2018.
64
What stereotype is often associated with the elderly in media?
Elderly individuals are stereotyped as one-dimensional characters, such as the grumpy old man or feisty old woman.
65
How are the elderly portrayed in advertising?
They are often ignored in advertising or presented as caricatures, depicted as 'smelly and incontinent' and dependent on others.
66
What challenges do the elderly face with technology?
They are less comfortable using technology, struggle with changes like paperless banking, and feel outcast from society due to negative stereotypes.
67
What is the trend regarding elderly inmates in prison?
The number of inmates aged 60+ has topped 4000 for the first time, more than double the figure from ten years ago.
68
How does financial loss from fraud affect those aged 55 and older?
Financial loss for individuals aged 55+ is nearly twice as much per fraud scam, making them more vulnerable and lowering their standard of living.

SOCIOLOGY MOCK (3 decks)

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