Evidence Of Economic Change

Question 1

How much did coal exports increase from 1865 - 75?

Answer 1

98 to 130 million tonnes

Question 2

Why did coal increase in demand?

Answer 2

Drop in coal price and an increase in demands in multiple industries such as in iron smelting and transport

Question 3

What happened to coal exports?

Answer 3

It increased as other countries started to industrialise

Question 4

Why did iron increase in demands?

Answer 4

It was needed in railway and engineering projects

Question 5

What was the Bessemer and why is it important?

Answer 5

It was made in 1856 and halved the cost of steel production

Question 6

What was the Open Heart Process and why is it important?

Answer 6

It was made in 1865 and allowed for mild steel to be made cheaper in bulk

Question 7

How many tonnes of iron ore was made from 1865 - 1874?

Answer 7

10 - 15+ million tonnes

Question 8

What happened did the increase in railways do to do with multiple towns?

Answer 8

Towns were linked and could transport stuff

Question 9

What happened to jobs with the railway?

Answer 9

They increased due to needing people to make the railways and buildings for it

Question 10

Where was the railway in the number of people it employed in 1870?

Answer 10

It was the 6th largest employer

Question 11

What happened to the the number of passengers from 1865 - 1875?

Answer 11

238 - 490 million

Just over doubled

Question 12

Why did the use of shipping industry increase?

Answer 12

World trade increasing, from the increase in steel trade and monopolising trade routes

Question 13

What important canal opened in 1869 and what was its significance?

Answer 13

The Suez Canal meant that the time taken to journey to the far east such as China, India and Australia decreased

Question 14

What happened to the cotton industry in 1865?

Answer 14

Before 1865 it was a major industry but was on the decline in its progress

Question 15

How much did British cotton account the the worlds cotton till the 1900’s?

Answer 15

1/3

Question 16

What were farmers scared about after the repeal of the Corn Laws?

Answer 16

They were scared that the drop in prices would decrease in their businesses and profits

Question 17

Why was the mid - 1860’s an agricultural ‘Golden Age’?

Answer 17

There were many successive good harvests, prices were stable and increased scientific and technological advancements, such as with artificial fertilisers

Question 18

When did the agricultural Golden Age end?

Answer 18

1873

Question 19

What happened to animal techniques in agriculture?

Answer 19

Animal husbandry started increasing, as the farmers started to become more specialised in a certain livestock, such as Aberdeen Angus for beef or Lincolnshire’s milk

Question 20

What is mixed farming?

Answer 20

The practice of having both crops and livestock on a farm
There was a move from arable to mixed farming techniques, so that if either of the crops or livestock didn’t produce as high a profit the other can be used

Question 21

What was the function and improvements in clay pipes?

Answer 21

Drainage systems improved and became more effective and increased crop yield

Question 22

How did the government help in clay pipes?

Answer 22

They made loans for the drainage systems for farmers to improve their farms

Question 23

What happened with machines in agriculture?

Answer 23

They helped improve efficiency of farming, such as better ploughs or seed drills to help with a higher yield

Question 24

How did the population increase help farmers?

Answer 24

It meant that more food was needed to feed the population and more people to work in the fields if needed

Question 25

How did the railways help farmers?

Answer 25

It meant that they could have more clients and spread their produce to more than just local