Evidence Of Economic Change Flashcards
How much did coal exports increase from 1865 - 75?
98 to 130 million tonnes
Why did coal increase in demand?
Drop in coal price and an increase in demands in multiple industries such as in iron smelting and transport
What happened to coal exports?
It increased as other countries started to industrialise
Why did iron increase in demands?
It was needed in railway and engineering projects
What was the Bessemer and why is it important?
It was made in 1856 and halved the cost of steel production
What was the Open Heart Process and why is it important?
It was made in 1865 and allowed for mild steel to be made cheaper in bulk
How many tonnes of iron ore was made from 1865 - 1874?
10 - 15+ million tonnes
What happened did the increase in railways do to do with multiple towns?
Towns were linked and could transport stuff
What happened to jobs with the railway?
They increased due to needing people to make the railways and buildings for it
Where was the railway in the number of people it employed in 1870?
It was the 6th largest employer
What happened to the the number of passengers from 1865 - 1875?
238 - 490 million
Just over doubled
Why did the use of shipping industry increase?
World trade increasing, from the increase in steel trade and monopolising trade routes
What important canal opened in 1869 and what was its significance?
The Suez Canal meant that the time taken to journey to the far east such as China, India and Australia decreased
What happened to the cotton industry in 1865?
Before 1865 it was a major industry but was on the decline in its progress
How much did British cotton account the the worlds cotton till the 1900’s?
1/3
What were farmers scared about after the repeal of the Corn Laws?
They were scared that the drop in prices would decrease in their businesses and profits
Why was the mid - 1860’s an agricultural ‘Golden Age’?
There were many successive good harvests, prices were stable and increased scientific and technological advancements, such as with artificial fertilisers
When did the agricultural Golden Age end?
1873
What happened to animal techniques in agriculture?
Animal husbandry started increasing, as the farmers started to become more specialised in a certain livestock, such as Aberdeen Angus for beef or Lincolnshire’s milk
What is mixed farming?
The practice of having both crops and livestock on a farm
There was a move from arable to mixed farming techniques, so that if either of the crops or livestock didn’t produce as high a profit the other can be used
What was the function and improvements in clay pipes?
Drainage systems improved and became more effective and increased crop yield
How did the government help in clay pipes?
They made loans for the drainage systems for farmers to improve their farms
What happened with machines in agriculture?
They helped improve efficiency of farming, such as better ploughs or seed drills to help with a higher yield
How did the population increase help farmers?
It meant that more food was needed to feed the population and more people to work in the fields if needed
