Evidence Giddens 45

Question 1

Quantitative research

Answer 1

focused on the testing of a hypothesis through objective observation and validation

Question 2

Randomized controlled double blind studies

Answer 2

least bias. researchers and subjects are “blind”.

Question 3

qualitative research

Answer 3

focuses on a person’s experience and uses analysis of textual, or nonnumeric, data, such as interviews, surveys or questionnaires

Question 4

mixed design research

Answer 4

feature both quantitative and qualitative.

complement each other and provide a holistic approach to the research question

Question 5

evidence summaries

Answer 5

secondary literature because they summarize original research.

Question 6

Systematic reviews/meta-analyses

Answer 6

referred to as synthesis of the evidence, summarize evidence from multiple studies

Question 7

What differentiates a meta-analysis from a systematic review

Answer 7

meta-analyses combines the statistical results of numerous randomized controlled trials and analyzes that evidence

Question 8

practice guidelines are created by using

Answer 8

evidence from the literature, research studies on the topic of the guideline, and expert opinion to craft the publications

Question 9

practice guidelines

Answer 9

summarize findings and advise practitioners. result in a faster integration of new evidence. often developed by government agencies or societies

Question 10

attribute

Answer 10

quality or characteristic that is associated with the concept that helps to clarify or confirm the concept

Question 11

grade A

Answer 11

Strongly Recommends

• There is high certainty that the net benefit is substantial.

Question 12

grade b

Answer 12

Recommends

• There is high certainty that the net benefit is moderate or there is moderate certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial.

Question 13

grade c

Answer 13

No Recommendations for or Against

• There may be considerations that support providing the intervention in an individual patient, but not for the general population. There is at least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small.

Question 14

grade D

Answer 14

Recommends Against

• There is moderate or high certainty that the intervention has no net benefit or that the harms outweigh the benefits.

Question 15

I statement

Answer 15

Insufficient Evidence to Recommend for or Against

• The current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of the service. Evidence is lacking, of poor quality, or conflicting, and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined.

Question 16

practice-related problems that require solutions. steps have been outlined to facilitate the use of evidence

Answer 16

1. Develop an answerable question.
2. Search the literature to uncover evidence to answer the question.
3. Evaluate the evidence found.
4. Apply the evidence to the practice situation.
5. Evaluate the outcome.

Question 17

example of a back ground question

Answer 17

what is scleroderma?

Question 18

example of foreground question

Answer 18

Is drug x more effective that drug y in treating scleroderma?

Question 19

health care economics example

Answer 19

A1C diabetes test does not require fasting, more people do it sooner….. Early diagnosis could in turn reduce health care costs if people adopt lifestyle changes to avoid serious complications.

Question 20

expemplars

Answer 20

are the actual studies or practice guidelines. example RCT, case studies