Evidence for Evolution and Natural Selection

Question 1

Evolution = ?

Answer 1

“Genetic change over time (change in allele frequency) in a population”

Question 2

What are the 3 conditions of evolution by natural selection?

Answer 2

1. Heritable Conditions
2. Characters vary between individuals
3. Differential fitness = survival ► reproduction

Question 3

What is a MEGA-PLATE

Answer 3

Bacteria on large agar jelly dish with different concentrations of antibiotics

Question 4

What does a Mega-Plate show?

Answer 4

Shows bacteria ‘developing’ mutations

Question 5

On mega-plates, what kind of bacteria ‘evolves’ with a higher concentration of antibiotics

Answer 5

More resistant bacteria

Question 6

Give 4 ways evolution bad design

Answer 6

1. Reptillian Vestige
2. Vestigial muscle
3. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
4. Goosebumps

Question 7

What is our reptilian vestige in humans & other organisms

Answer 7

Third eyelid

Question 8

What is our vestigial muscle?

Answer 8

Palmaris Longus (14% )

Question 9

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve run?

Answer 9

runs from the brain to larynx (but loops around aorta)!

Question 10

What did the laryngeal nerve evolve from?

Answer 10

evolved from the branchial arch - the nerve maintained its position but the function of the branchial arch changed over time

Question 11

What are goosebumps used for?

Answer 11

Insulation

Question 12

Does natural selection design or tinker?

Answer 12

TINKERS

Question 13

Is all evolution caused by natural selection?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

What does Natural Selection operate on?

Answer 14

Phenotype (NOT genotype)

Question 15

Definition of speciation

Answer 15

When species divide and change over time

Question 16

What is a geological period?

Answer 16

refers to mass extinction, related to climate change or other factors

Question 17

What did whales ascend from?

Answer 17

Hippos

Question 18

What are whales?

Answer 18

Mammals that transitioned from land to sea

Question 19

What mammal transitioned from land to sea from hippos?

Answer 19

whales

Question 20

When did trilobites disappear?

Answer 20

250 Myr ago

Question 21

What is Tiktaalik?

Answer 21

fossil found on Ellesmere Island

Question 22

What is the significance of Tiktaalik?

Answer 22

Missing link between fish and quadrupeds

Question 23

Give 5 ways of evidence for evolution

Answer 23

1. Fossils - including ‘missing links’
2. Imperfection (development; bad design)
3. Biogeography
4. Molecular Genetics
5. Natural Selection in action

Question 24

What is the name for the third eyelid?

Answer 24

Plica Semilunaris