evidence for evolution

Question 1

fossil record

Answer 1

shows change over time

Question 2

anatomical record

Answer 2

• comparing body structures
• homology and vestigial structures
• embryology and development
• animals with different structures on the surface
• but when you look under the skin
• it tells an evolutionary story of common ancestors

Question 3

molecular record

Answer 3

-comparing protein and DNA sequences

Question 4

biogeography

Answer 4

• the scientific study of the geographic distribution of organisms based on both living species and fossils
• observes geographic patterns of distribution of species
• darwin was surprised by the unusual assortment of species he found on the galápagos islands
• other remote islands had odd collections of very similar species
• island species most closely resemble species on the nearest mainland species
• over time original species evolved into new geographically isolated species

Question 5

how did the fossil record give evidence that life was very different in the past?

Answer 5

• layers of rock contain fossils
• new layer cover old ones
• creates a record over time
• fossils show a series of organisms have lived on Earth
• over a long period of time
• fossils show that organisms become increasingly complex over time

Question 6

fossils tell a story…

Answer 6

• the earth is old
• life is old
• life on earth has changed

Question 7

what are fossils and how are they made

Answer 7

• fossils are any ancient remains impressions or traces of an organism or traces of its activity that have been preserved in rocks or other mineral deposits in earths crust
• fossils are formed when the remains of a buried organism are gradually replaced by mineral deposits

Question 8

evolution of birds

Answer 8

• today’s organisms descended from ancestral species

- fossil of archaeopteryx lived about 150 mya and links reptiles and birds

Question 9

evolution from sea to land

Answer 9

• 2006 fossil discovery of early tetrapod (4 limbs)

- missing link from sea to land animals

Question 10

homologous structures

Answer 10

-structures that come from the same origin
-homo=same
-logous= info
-forelimbs of human, cats, whales and bats
-same structure on the inside
-same development in embryo
-different functions on the outside
-evidence of common ancestor
(same bones under the skin, however limbs perform different functions)

Question 11

analogous structures

Answer 11

-look similar on the outside
-same function
-different structure and development on the inside
-different origin
-no evolutionary relationship
-dolphins: aquatic mammal
-fish: aquatic vertebrate
-both adapted to life in the sea
-not closely related
(similar functions but differ in structure, wings if a hummingbird and humming moth-both can hover to feed)

Question 12

vestigial organs

Answer 12

-structures on modern animals that have no function
-remains of structures that were functional in ancestors
-evidence of change over time
-some snakes and whales have pelvis bones and leg bones of walking ancestors
-eyes only blind cave fish
-human tail bone
(anatomical feature of behaviour that no longer seems to have a purpose or function in the current form of the organism in the given species)

Question 13

embryology

Answer 13

• development of embryo tells an evolutionary story
• similar structures during development
• all vertebrate embryos have a gill pouch at one stage of development

Question 14

look at chart in photos

Answer 14

• observations from galápagos islands

- darwin’s hypothesis