Evidence Based Practice Flashcards
What is the definition of EBP?
Applying the best available research results (evidence) wheN making decisions about healthcare.
What is the difference between propositional and nonpropositional knowledge?
Propositional is derived from research
Nonpropositional is derived from practice
What are the 3 components of EBP?
Client and situation
Research evidence
Own expertise and experience
What is qualitative research is?
Primarily explorative research, used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons opinions and motivations, provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypothesis for potential quantitative research.
Descriptional
Eg. Grounded theory
Ethnography phenomenology
Case study
Historical research
What is quantitative research?
quantitative research is systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena by a statistical mathematical or numerical data or computational techniques.
Statistical research, measurable.
Eg. Experimental or quasi experimental designs
What are the 4 A’s of research?
Awareness
Appreciation
Application
Ability
What is epistemology?
The study of the theory of knowledge and how it is acquired.
The of knowledge especially with regards to its methods, validity, scope, and the distinction between justified belief and opinion.
Explain a paradigm
The starting point of research
What is ontology?
The study of experience
Define Methodology
Provides a framework or focus for conducting a study
What is positivism?
A scientific approach
What is critical approach?
A general qualitative approach to examine phenomena
What is the interpretive approach?
Aims to research and describe explore and generate meaning within social or practice concepts
What is the research process?
Identifying the clinical problem
Critically search and review available research
Identify ideas questions, statements and hypothesis
Determine ethical issues or problems
Identify and justify an appropriate methodology and method
Choose appropriate sample audience
Collect data from audience
Analyse data
Make sense of data
Share findings
What influences nurses decision making?
Knowledge, guidelines and ethics Evidence, patient data Patients position factors Cultural beliefs and personal values Your own constraints Policies
What is the naturalistic paradigm?
A qualitative research approach
All about individual experience
What is empirical knowledge?
Physiological or biological measurement
Eg. Vital signs
Advantages: the ability to detect and measure subtle changes in variables.
What is quasi experimental research?
Subject to concerns regarding internal validity. Because it is not randomised.
What is a mixed methods design?
Use of more than one research methodology in a single study
Describe ethnography
The study of different cultural groups
What is grounded theory?
Aims to generate theory that is grounded in data. Qualitative research approach. Often used with other methods
What is historical research?
A collection and analysis of research to obtain an idea of the past
Phenomenology….
Seeks to explore the experiences of individuals In their context of existence
What are the different types of variables?
Independent
Dependant
Extraneous
What is the independent variable?
Never changes. The variable that is being investigated
What is the dependant variable
The measurable response to the independent variable
What is an extraneous variable?
Acts similarly to the independent variable but not under control of the researcher.
What is PICOT?
A formula to develop a quantitative research question
Population - faggots Intervention - wearing condom Comparison - not wearing condoms Outcome - decreased STIs Time frame - over mardigra xx
What is PIC?
P- population
I - phenomena of intent
C - context what do we compare the intervention with
A formula to develop qualitative research.
What is epidemiological research?
The study of the distribution of disease in populations.
What is a critical appraisal?
Involves an active interpretation of findings an objective assessment of content using clinical experience, judgement and common sense.
What should be concise red when appraising research?
Research design Literature review Theoretical/conceptual framework Ethical issues Population Sampling Pilot study Data collection, analysis and results Discussion Application to practice
What is the hierarchy of evidence bottom to top?
Background information/ expert opinion Case controlled studies Cohort studies Randomised controlled trial Critically appraised individual articles Critically appraised topics Systematic review
What is a systematic review?
A review using clearly formulated questions. That uses systematic and explicit method to identify select and critically appraise relevant research.
What is the PRISMA statement?
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews in meta analysis
What is meta analysis?
The use of statistical techniques is a systematic way to integrate results of included studies. Used where statistical data is the main focus.
What is meta synthesis?
Synthesises the findings of qualitative research studies
Secondary research
Aim is to develop refine and build theories about phenomena of interest.
Integrative literature reviews are?
They summaries and critique past research and draws conclusions
What is the Nuremberg code?
Needs voluntary consent
Was developed after world war 2
What is deontology theory?
An absolutist theory
Focuses more on behaviour rather than outcome
What is teleology?
Consequentialist theory
Focuses on the outcome rather than the action
What is informed consent?
Recognises the autonomy of the individual, means all participation in research is voluntary
Consists of consent forms or use of legal guardians
What is the likert scale?
Method used to measure attitudes where respondents indicate their degree of agreement or disaggrement
What is inductive reasoning?
Flows from thoughts related to a particular issue to a general theory
A research consumer is one who:
A) wants to join a research team to participate in the conduct of research
B) wants to change practice in the clinical practice
C) wants to read critically and evaluate research findings
D) wants to conduct research in the clinical area
C) wants to read critically and evaluate research findings for implementation into nursing practice
What is propositional knowledge?
Knowledge derived from research
What is non propositional knowledge?
Knowledge derived from practice
What is evidence based practice?
A clinical activity where decisions about patient care are informed by the best available current scientific evidence
Nurses and midwives do not always conduct research because?
They find it difficult to translate findings into practice
What is a paradigm?
How we understand the world we live in
Our philosophical assumptions and beliefs
Two main research paradigms:
Quantitative and qualitative
What is the positivist approach?
Traditional and scientific, tests causal relationships, quantitative, reductionist, empirical.
Everything is based on numbers and can be measured
Eg. Rtc’s
What is the critical approach?
Qualitative, post positive, emancipatory
Eg. Feminist theory
Believe that not everything can be justified by numbers
What is the interpretive approach?
Qualitative , naturalistic, contextual, things that are observable
Eg. Phenomenology, grounded theory
What is the research process
Ten steps
1) identifying the clinical problem or issue
2) critically searching and reviewing the available primary (research based) and conceptual (theory based) literature
3) indenturing research ideas, questions, statements or hypotheses
4) determining ethical issues and procedures
5) identifying data and justifying an appropriate research methodology and method
6) sampling (choosing) appropriate research populations (participants)/elements
7) collecting research data from participants/ elements
8) analysing collected research
9) determining and making sense of research results/findings
10) dissemination (sharing) of research findings to wider audience
What are the elements of evidence based practice?
Environment and organisation context
Decision making
Population characteristics, needs, values and preferences
Best available research evidence
Resources including practitioner expertise
What is a systematic review?
Usually comes from when someone from the clinical setting wants to find the best possible way forward
What is a literature review?
Jaded
How can researchers ensure their research is ethical?
5 points
Ethics committees Informed consent Balancing risks and benefits Confidentiality Equitable recruitment
What are some barriers and enablers of evidence based practice?
Local environment Patient values, concerns and expectations Clinical skills Workplace culture Ability to access and assess evidence Financial and human resources Local environment
What does the PARIHS framework and what does it stand for?
Promoting action on research implementation in health services.
