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NS3360 Clinical Nursing 5 > Evidence Based Practice > Flashcards

Evidence Based Practice Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of EBP?

A

Applying the best available research results (evidence) wheN making decisions about healthcare.

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2
Q

What is the difference between propositional and nonpropositional knowledge?

A

Propositional is derived from research

Nonpropositional is derived from practice

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3
Q

What are the 3 components of EBP?

A

Client and situation
Research evidence
Own expertise and experience

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4
Q

What is qualitative research is?

A

Primarily explorative research, used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons opinions and motivations, provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypothesis for potential quantitative research.

Descriptional

Eg. Grounded theory
Ethnography phenomenology
Case study
Historical research

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5
Q

What is quantitative research?

A

quantitative research is systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena by a statistical mathematical or numerical data or computational techniques.

Statistical research, measurable.

Eg. Experimental or quasi experimental designs

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6
Q

What are the 4 A’s of research?

A

Awareness
Appreciation
Application
Ability

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7
Q

What is epistemology?

A

The study of the theory of knowledge and how it is acquired.
The of knowledge especially with regards to its methods, validity, scope, and the distinction between justified belief and opinion.

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8
Q

Explain a paradigm

A

The starting point of research

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9
Q

What is ontology?

A

The study of experience

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10
Q

Define Methodology

A

Provides a framework or focus for conducting a study

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11
Q

What is positivism?

A

A scientific approach

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12
Q

What is critical approach?

A

A general qualitative approach to examine phenomena

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13
Q

What is the interpretive approach?

A

Aims to research and describe explore and generate meaning within social or practice concepts

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14
Q

What is the research process?

A

Identifying the clinical problem
Critically search and review available research
Identify ideas questions, statements and hypothesis
Determine ethical issues or problems
Identify and justify an appropriate methodology and method
Choose appropriate sample audience
Collect data from audience
Analyse data
Make sense of data
Share findings

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15
Q

What influences nurses decision making?

A 
Knowledge, guidelines and ethics
Evidence, patient data
Patients position factors
Cultural beliefs and personal values
Your own constraints
Policies
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16
Q

What is the naturalistic paradigm?

A

A qualitative research approach

All about individual experience

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17
Q

What is empirical knowledge?

A

Physiological or biological measurement
Eg. Vital signs

Advantages: the ability to detect and measure subtle changes in variables.

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18
Q

What is quasi experimental research?

A

Subject to concerns regarding internal validity. Because it is not randomised.

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19
Q

What is a mixed methods design?

A

Use of more than one research methodology in a single study

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20
Q

Describe ethnography

A

The study of different cultural groups

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21
Q

What is grounded theory?

A

Aims to generate theory that is grounded in data. Qualitative research approach. Often used with other methods

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22
Q

What is historical research?

A

A collection and analysis of research to obtain an idea of the past

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23
Q

Phenomenology….

A

Seeks to explore the experiences of individuals In their context of existence

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24
Q

What are the different types of variables?

A

Independent
Dependant
Extraneous

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25
Q

What is the independent variable?

A

Never changes. The variable that is being investigated

26
Q

What is the dependant variable

A

The measurable response to the independent variable

27
Q

What is an extraneous variable?

A

Acts similarly to the independent variable but not under control of the researcher.

28
Q

What is PICOT?

A

A formula to develop a quantitative research question

Population - faggots
Intervention - wearing condom
Comparison - not wearing condoms
Outcome - decreased STIs
Time frame - over mardigra xx
29
Q

What is PIC?

A

P- population
I - phenomena of intent
C - context what do we compare the intervention with

A formula to develop qualitative research.

30
Q

What is epidemiological research?

A

The study of the distribution of disease in populations.

31
Q

What is a critical appraisal?

A

Involves an active interpretation of findings an objective assessment of content using clinical experience, judgement and common sense.

32
Q

What should be concise red when appraising research?

A 
Research design
Literature review
Theoretical/conceptual framework
Ethical issues
Population
Sampling
Pilot study
Data collection, analysis and results
Discussion
Application to practice
33
Q

What is the hierarchy of evidence bottom to top?

A 
Background information/ expert opinion
Case controlled studies
Cohort studies
Randomised controlled trial
Critically appraised individual articles
Critically appraised topics
Systematic review
34
Q

What is a systematic review?

A

A review using clearly formulated questions. That uses systematic and explicit method to identify select and critically appraise relevant research.

35
Q

What is the PRISMA statement?

A

Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews in meta analysis

36
Q

What is meta analysis?

A

The use of statistical techniques is a systematic way to integrate results of included studies. Used where statistical data is the main focus.

37
Q

What is meta synthesis?

A

Synthesises the findings of qualitative research studies
Secondary research
Aim is to develop refine and build theories about phenomena of interest.

38
Q

Integrative literature reviews are?

A

They summaries and critique past research and draws conclusions

39
Q

What is the Nuremberg code?

A

Needs voluntary consent

Was developed after world war 2

40
Q

What is deontology theory?

A

An absolutist theory

Focuses more on behaviour rather than outcome

41
Q

What is teleology?

A

Consequentialist theory

Focuses on the outcome rather than the action

42
Q

What is informed consent?

A

Recognises the autonomy of the individual, means all participation in research is voluntary
Consists of consent forms or use of legal guardians

43
Q

What is the likert scale?

A

Method used to measure attitudes where respondents indicate their degree of agreement or disaggrement

44
Q

What is inductive reasoning?

A

Flows from thoughts related to a particular issue to a general theory

45
Q

A research consumer is one who:

A) wants to join a research team to participate in the conduct of research
B) wants to change practice in the clinical practice
C) wants to read critically and evaluate research findings
D) wants to conduct research in the clinical area

A

C) wants to read critically and evaluate research findings for implementation into nursing practice

46
Q

What is propositional knowledge?

A

Knowledge derived from research

47
Q

What is non propositional knowledge?

A

Knowledge derived from practice

48
Q

What is evidence based practice?

A

A clinical activity where decisions about patient care are informed by the best available current scientific evidence

49
Q

Nurses and midwives do not always conduct research because?

A

They find it difficult to translate findings into practice

50
Q

What is a paradigm?

A

How we understand the world we live in

Our philosophical assumptions and beliefs

Two main research paradigms:
Quantitative and qualitative

51
Q

What is the positivist approach?

A

Traditional and scientific, tests causal relationships, quantitative, reductionist, empirical.

Everything is based on numbers and can be measured

Eg. Rtc’s

52
Q

What is the critical approach?

A

Qualitative, post positive, emancipatory
Eg. Feminist theory

Believe that not everything can be justified by numbers

53
Q

What is the interpretive approach?

A

Qualitative , naturalistic, contextual, things that are observable

Eg. Phenomenology, grounded theory

54
Q

What is the research process

Ten steps

A

1) identifying the clinical problem or issue
2) critically searching and reviewing the available primary (research based) and conceptual (theory based) literature
3) indenturing research ideas, questions, statements or hypotheses
4) determining ethical issues and procedures
5) identifying data and justifying an appropriate research methodology and method
6) sampling (choosing) appropriate research populations (participants)/elements
7) collecting research data from participants/ elements
8) analysing collected research
9) determining and making sense of research results/findings
10) dissemination (sharing) of research findings to wider audience

55
Q

What are the elements of evidence based practice?

A

Environment and organisation context
Decision making
Population characteristics, needs, values and preferences
Best available research evidence
Resources including practitioner expertise

56
Q

What is a systematic review?

A

Usually comes from when someone from the clinical setting wants to find the best possible way forward

57
Q

What is a literature review?

A

Jaded

58
Q

How can researchers ensure their research is ethical?

5 points

A 
Ethics committees 
Informed consent
Balancing risks and benefits
Confidentiality
Equitable recruitment
59
Q

What are some barriers and enablers of evidence based practice?

A 
Local environment
Patient values, concerns and expectations
Clinical skills
Workplace culture
Ability to access and assess evidence
Financial and human resources
Local environment
60
Q

What does the PARIHS framework and what does it stand for?

A

Promoting action on research implementation in health services.

NS3360 Clinical Nursing 5 (2 decks)

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