Evidence-Based Practice Flashcards
The conscientious use of current best evidence in making decisions about patient care
Evidence-Based Practice
Lifelong problem-solving approach to clinical practice that integrates the most relevant and best research, one’s own clinical expertise, and patient preferences and values
Evidence-Based Practice
5A’s of Evidence-Based Practice
Ask, Acquire, Analyze, Appraise, Apply
also called as EXTERNAL EVIDENCE, reflecting the fact that it is intended to be generalizable or transferable beyond the specific study setting or sample
Evidence from research
-data generated from diligently conducted quality improvement project or EBP implementation project within a specific practice setting or with a specific population
-the results of evaluations, the outcomes of expert-delivered patient-centered care and the results of quality improvement projects all represent internal evidence
Internal evidence
The guiding principles of behavior
ethics
refers to norms or standards of behavior accepted by the society to which a person belongs
ethical
an internal belief system (what one believes to be right)
Moral Values
morality is expressed externally through a person’s behaviors
Value system
a specific type of moral conflict in which two or more ethical principles apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action
Ethical dilemmas
refer to the rules governing behavior or conduct that are enforceable by law under threat of punishment or penalty
Legal rights and duties
are documents that define a profession, describe that profession’s scope of practice, and provide guidelines for state professional BON regarding standards for practice, entry into a profession via licensure, and disciplinary actions that can be taken necessary
Practice acts
-Came from the Greek words auto (self) and nomos (“law”)
-Refers to the right of self-determination
-Laws has been enacted to protect the patient’s right to make choices independently
Autonomy
includes printed materials, videos, and interactive web-based tutorials, which provides patients with information about specific health issues, diagnoses, treatment risks and benefits, and questionnaires to determine whether they need more information
patient decision aids
-Telling the truth
-It is closely linked to informed decision making and informed consent
Veracity
Four Elements of informed consent which are vital aspects of health education:
Competence, disclosure of information, comprehension, voluntariness
refers to the patient’s capacity to make reasonable decision
competence
requires sufficient information regarding risks and alternative treatment-including no treatment at all
disclosure of information
individual’s ability to understand the information being provided
comprehension
indicates that the patient can make a decision without coercion or force from others
voluntariness
Personal information that is entrusted and protected as privileged information via a social contract, HC standard or code or legal covenant
Confidentiality
when researchers are unable to link any subject’s identity in the medical record of the person
anonymous
when identifying materials appear on subjects’ records but can be accessed only by the researchers
confidential
-“do no harm”
-Refers to the ethics of legal determinations involving negligence and/or malpractice
Nonmaleficence
Conduct which falls below the standard established by law for protection of others against unreasonable risk of harm
Negligence
-Refers to a limited class of negligent activities committed within the scope of performance by those pursuing a particular profession involving highly skilled and technical services
-Defined as negligence, misconduct or breach of duty by a professional person that results to injury or damage to a patient
Malpractice
-Refers to a limited class of negligent activities committed within the scope of performance by those pursuing a particular profession involving highly skilled and technical services
-Defined as negligence, misconduct or breach of duty by a professional person that results to injury or damage to a patient
Malpractice
Most common cause of malpractice:
-Failure to follow standards of care
-Failure to use equipment in a responsible manner
-Failure to communicate
-Failure to document
-Failure to assess and monitor
-Failure to act as a patient advocate
-Failure to delegate task properly
-“doing good” for the benefits of others
-Properly carrying out critical tasks and duties contained in job descriptions, in policies, procedures and protocols set by HC facility, and in standards and codes of ethical behaviors established by professional nursing organizations
-It includes adequate and current patient education, speaks to the nurse’s commitment to act in the best interest of the patient
Beneficence
-Refers to fairness and the equitable distribution of goods and services
-The focus of the law is the protection of society
-The focus of health law is the protection of the consumer
Justice
Criteria in fair distribution of resources through decision making:
-To each, an equal share
-To each, according to need
-To each, according to effort
The student-teacher relationship
Criteria to distinguish between interactions that are appropriate and less appropriate:
-Risk of harm to the student or to the student-teacher relationship
-Presence of coercion or exploitation
-Potential benefit to the student or to the student-teacher relationship
-Balance of student’s interests and teacher’s interests
Presence of professional ideals
The patient-provider relationship
Criteria to distinguish between interactions that are appropriate and less appropriate:
-Risk of harm to the patient or to the patient-teacher relationship
-Presence of coercion or exploitation
-Potential benefit to the patient or to the patient-teacher relationship
-Balance of patient’s interests and teacher’s interests
-Presence of professional ideals
True or False:
The patient’s right to adequate information regarding his or her physical condition, medications, risks, and access to information regarding alternative treatment is very important
True
True or False:
The patient’s right to adequate information regarding his or her physical condition, medications, risks, and access to information regarding alternative treatment is very important
True
master-servant rule
Respondeat superior
True or False
The employer may be held liable for negligence, assault and battery, false imprisonment, slander, libel or any other tort committed by an employee
True
