Evidence Based Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

systematic deviation from the truth (not due to chance)

A

bias

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2
Q

sample population has an equal chance of being assigned to the intervention or control group

spreads confounding variable makes the prognosis more similar across groups
increases the likelihood that the intervention is the only difference between groups

A

randomization

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3
Q

investigator cannot influence the allocation at the time of study entry

A

allocation concealment

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4
Q

participants are analyzed in the groups to which they were randomized even if they did not get the intervention
cross-over introduces bias

A

intention to treat

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5
Q

poor accuracy, definite causes, reproducible

selection bias, information bias, confounding

A

systemic error

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6
Q

poor precision, nonspecific causes, not reproducible

A

random error

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7
Q

the number of people experiencing an event as a proportion of the total number of people in a population

A

absolute risk

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8
Q

arithmetic difference between two event rates
risk of the adverse outcome in the control group = baseline risk

control rate - experimental rate

A

absolute risk reduction

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9
Q

proportion of the baseline risk that is still present when patients receive the experimental treatment

experimental rate/control rate

A

relative risk

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10
Q

what proportion of the baseline rate has been reduced by the experimental treatment?
1 – RR = (control rate – experimental rate)/control rate
Relative risk may over-represent the effect of the intervention if the baseline risk was low

A

relative risk reduction

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11
Q

the number of people that would have to be treated to help one person

100/ARR

A

number needed to treat

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