Evidence-based medicine

Question 1

Confounding bias

Answer 1

An unexpected and uncalculated risk factor and that has potentially affected part of the case population.

E.g. Most of the case population are from the same area.

Question 2

Case-control study

Answer 2

The retrospective observation of a population through two sets of groups.

One set meets the condition you want and the other does not.

This allows statistical analysis to identify risk factors.

E.g. One group with lung cancer and one without lung cancer.

Question 2

What kind of bias exists in case-control studies?

Answer 2

• Confounding bias
• Recall bias

Question 3

Cohort study

Answer 3

The prospective observation of a population.

It is a longitudinal study. Meaning it takes place over weeks, months or even years. It follows a class of patients and what they are exposed to over that time.

Expensive

Question 4

Name a prospective observation

Answer 4

Cohort study

Question 5

Name a retrospective style observation

Answer 5

Case-control study