Evidence Based Dentistry Continuation

Question 1

What’s the PICO in this statement: “In children (toddlers) with high caries risk, are glass ionomer fillings more effective than resin-based composite in preventing secondary caries?”?

Answer 1

P = high caries risk children (toddlers)
I = glass ionomer restoration
C = composite filling
O = secondary caries

Question 2

What’s the PICO in this statement: “What is the effectiveness of semiannual fluoride varnish compared to semiannual fluoride gel treatment in preventing dental caries in primary teeth among high-risk children?”?

Answer 2

P = high caries risk children (toddlers)
I = Fluoride varnish (2x year)
C = Fluoride gel (2x year)
O = Dental caries

Question 3

What’s the PICO in this statement: “Are children less than five years of age and of lower socioeconomic status at increased risk of dental caries compared with children of the same age of higher socioeconomic status?”?

Answer 3

P = Children (<5yrs)
I = Low SES
C = Children of higher SES
O = Caries risk

Question 4

What’s the PICO in this statement: “In children (toddlers) with low caries risk, is pit and fissure sealant effective in preventing dental caries?” ?

Answer 4

P = Low caries-risk children (toddlers)
I = pit and fissure sealant
C= No treatment (conventional tx)
O = dental caries

Question 5

What’s the PICO in this statement: “Are pregnant women of low SES with gum disease at higher risk for pre-term birth than those who have healthy gums?” ?

Answer 5

P= pregnant women (low SES)
E = periodontal disease
C = Healthy gum
O = pre-termm birth

Question 6

What’s the PICO in this statement: “Does providing periodontal treatment reduce the risk of pre-term birth among preganant women with active periodontal disease?” ?

Answer 6

P= pregnant women (low SES)
I = periodontal treatment
C = Healthy gum
O = pre-termm birth

Question 7

T/F. We generally accept that systematic reviews and RCT are the best levels of evidence.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What are the lowest level of evidence?

Answer 8

case reports and expert opinions

Question 9

With regards to diagnosis, prognosis or causation, ___ ___ such as cohort studies are appropriate.

Answer 9

longitudinal studies

Question 10

Rank the studies in order.

Answer 10

1. RCT
2. Well controlled cohort studies, case-control and non-randomized clinical trials
3. cross-sectional studies
4. descriptive surveys
5. case reports
6. personal opinion

Question 11

T/F. Current best evidence is up-to-date information from relevant, valid research.

Answer 11

True.

• the effects of diff forms of health care
• the potential for harm from exposure to particular agents
• the accuracy of diagnostic tests
• the predictive power of prognostic factors

Question 12

“Best evidence” can be obtained from…

Answer 12

• randomize controlled clinical trials
• non-randomized controlled trials, crossover studies
• cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies
• case studies
• the consensus opinion of experts

Question 13

Where is evidence found?

Answer 13

internet
textbooks
journals, MEDLINE
High Quality, Pre-digested Evidence (systemic reviews - Cochrane Library & Clinical practice guidelines)

Question 14

What is a comprehensive search for all relevant studies on a specific topic and those identified are then appraised and synthesized according to predetermined and explicit criteria?

Answer 14

systematic literature review

Question 15

T/F. Systematic Literature Reviews synthesize the best evidence and provide the basis of clinical practice guidelines. These practice guidelines give a brief review of what evidence-based dentistry is and how to use it.

Answer 15

Both statements are true

Question 16

What steps must be followed to conduct a systemic review?

Answer 16

1. identify questions to be examined
2. determine the inclusion/exclusion criteria
3. Create a search strategy
4. Create a criteria for study quality
5. development of conclusions

Question 17

T/F. Systematic Literature Reviews are helpful because they reduce large quantities of information into manageable portions.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

T/F. Systematic Literature Reviews do not allow objective appraisal of the evidence and do not provide evidence of generalizability.

Answer 18

False, They DO allow objective appraisal of the evidence and DO provide evidence of generalizability.

Question 19

T/F. Systematic Literature Reviews aid formulation of policy and developing of guidelines but cannot generate new research questions.

Answer 19

1st statement is true and the 2nd is false.

They CAN generate new research questions

Question 20

T/F. Systematic Literature Reviews can demonstrate the lack of adequate evidence and need for further studies.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

___ ___ dentistry is used in current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. It requires that a practitioner ___ and think about what they are doing.

Answer 21

Evidence based; question

Question 22

___ needs to be assessed and its ___ determined.

Answer 22

information; validity

Question 23

T/F. All evidence is created equal.

Answer 23

False, all evidence is NOT created equal.

Question 24

To properly pracitce EBD ___ must be spent searching and assessing the literature, and information for any source should be ___.

Answer 24

time; questioned

Question 25

T/F. Properly practice EBD makes it easier to justify treatment decisions, especially when there is a complaint or a dento-legal issue.

Answer 25

True.

Question 26

T/F. By formulating a clinical question, carrying out an efficient literature search, evaluating the literature, and when appropriate applying it to patient care, dentists can meet the challenges of continuing to provide quality care in a rapidly changing environment

Answer 26

True.