Evidence Based Dentistry Continuation Flashcards
What’s the PICO in this statement: “In children (toddlers) with high caries risk, are glass ionomer fillings more effective than resin-based composite in preventing secondary caries?”?
P = high caries risk children (toddlers) I = glass ionomer restoration C = composite filling O = secondary caries
What’s the PICO in this statement: “What is the effectiveness of semiannual fluoride varnish compared to semiannual fluoride gel treatment in preventing dental caries in primary teeth among high-risk children?”?
P = high caries risk children (toddlers) I = Fluoride varnish (2x year) C = Fluoride gel (2x year) O = Dental caries
What’s the PICO in this statement: “Are children less than five years of age and of lower socioeconomic status at increased risk of dental caries compared with children of the same age of higher socioeconomic status?”?
P = Children (<5yrs) I = Low SES C = Children of higher SES O = Caries risk
What’s the PICO in this statement: “In children (toddlers) with low caries risk, is pit and fissure sealant effective in preventing dental caries?” ?
P = Low caries-risk children (toddlers) I = pit and fissure sealant C= No treatment (conventional tx) O = dental caries
What’s the PICO in this statement: “Are pregnant women of low SES with gum disease at higher risk for pre-term birth than those who have healthy gums?” ?
P= pregnant women (low SES) E = periodontal disease C = Healthy gum O = pre-termm birth
What’s the PICO in this statement: “Does providing periodontal treatment reduce the risk of pre-term birth among preganant women with active periodontal disease?” ?
P= pregnant women (low SES) I = periodontal treatment C = Healthy gum O = pre-termm birth
T/F. We generally accept that systematic reviews and RCT are the best levels of evidence.
True
What are the lowest level of evidence?
case reports and expert opinions
With regards to diagnosis, prognosis or causation, ___ ___ such as cohort studies are appropriate.
longitudinal studies
Rank the studies in order.
- RCT
- Well controlled cohort studies, case-control and non-randomized clinical trials
- cross-sectional studies
- descriptive surveys
- case reports
- personal opinion
T/F. Current best evidence is up-to-date information from relevant, valid research.
True.
- the effects of diff forms of health care
- the potential for harm from exposure to particular agents
- the accuracy of diagnostic tests
- the predictive power of prognostic factors
“Best evidence” can be obtained from…
- randomize controlled clinical trials
- non-randomized controlled trials, crossover studies
- cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies
- case studies
- the consensus opinion of experts
Where is evidence found?
internet
textbooks
journals, MEDLINE
High Quality, Pre-digested Evidence (systemic reviews - Cochrane Library & Clinical practice guidelines)
What is a comprehensive search for all relevant studies on a specific topic and those identified are then appraised and synthesized according to predetermined and explicit criteria?
systematic literature review
T/F. Systematic Literature Reviews synthesize the best evidence and provide the basis of clinical practice guidelines. These practice guidelines give a brief review of what evidence-based dentistry is and how to use it.
Both statements are true
What steps must be followed to conduct a systemic review?
- identify questions to be examined
- determine the inclusion/exclusion criteria
- Create a search strategy
- Create a criteria for study quality
- development of conclusions
T/F. Systematic Literature Reviews are helpful because they reduce large quantities of information into manageable portions.
True
T/F. Systematic Literature Reviews do not allow objective appraisal of the evidence and do not provide evidence of generalizability.
False, They DO allow objective appraisal of the evidence and DO provide evidence of generalizability.
T/F. Systematic Literature Reviews aid formulation of policy and developing of guidelines but cannot generate new research questions.
1st statement is true and the 2nd is false.
They CAN generate new research questions
T/F. Systematic Literature Reviews can demonstrate the lack of adequate evidence and need for further studies.
True
___ ___ dentistry is used in current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. It requires that a practitioner ___ and think about what they are doing.
Evidence based; question
___ needs to be assessed and its ___ determined.
information; validity
T/F. All evidence is created equal.
False, all evidence is NOT created equal.
To properly pracitce EBD ___ must be spent searching and assessing the literature, and information for any source should be ___.
time; questioned
T/F. Properly practice EBD makes it easier to justify treatment decisions, especially when there is a complaint or a dento-legal issue.
True.
T/F. By formulating a clinical question, carrying out an efficient literature search, evaluating the literature, and when appropriate applying it to patient care, dentists can meet the challenges of continuing to provide quality care in a rapidly changing environment
True.
