evidence based dentistry

Question 1

give the equation to calculate risk?

Answer 1

risk = number of events of interest / total number of observations

Question 2

give the equation to calculate odds?

Answer 2

odds = number of events of interest / number without event

Question 3

which is given as a percentage, risk or odds?

Answer 3

risk

Question 4

which study design involves researchers watching what happens to a group of people?

Answer 4

observational uncontrolled study

Question 5

which study design involves patients randomly being split into 2 groups, 1 group getting intervention and other placebo?

Answer 5

randomised control trial

Question 6

list the study designs from best level of evidence to worst

Answer 6

systematic reviews (lots of RCT) > randomised control trial > cohort > case control > cross sectional > ecological > case report > ideas

Question 7

a report on a single patient or series of patients with an outcome of interest and no control group is which type of study?

Answer 7

case report

Question 8

the observation of a defined population at a single point in time (or time interval) is which type of study?

Answer 8

cross sectional study

Question 9

the study of people with a disease and suitable control group of people without the disease is known as what study?

Answer 9

case-control study

Question 10

establishing a group of individuals and following them up over time to see who develops the disease is what type of study?

Answer 10

cohort

Question 11

name the 4 design elements of a RCT design?

Answer 11

specification of participants (inclusion/exclusion)
control/comparison group
randomisation
blinding/masking