Evidence Based

Question 1

If A happened before B, then A must have caused B

Answer 1

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Question 2

Two things A and Z are linked through a series of small steps which may not be related and may never happen

Answer 2

Slippery slope

Question 3

Conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence- rushing to a conclusion

Answer 3

Hasty generalization

Question 4

A person, idea, institute or theory is deemed worthy or unworthy based on an impression of the character, nature or worth of it’s originator

Answer 4

Genetic fallacy

Question 5

The conclusion is proven within the claim

Answer 5

Begging the question

Question 6

Restating the argument rather than proving it

Answer 6

Circular argument

Question 7

Oversimplifying the argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices

Answer 7

either/or

Question 8

attacking the character of the person rather than the argument or idea

Answer 8

ad hominem

Question 9

Emotional appeal that speaks to positive or negative concepts rather than the real issue

Answer 9

ad populum

Question 10

Diversion that avoids the key issues

Answer 10

Red herring

Question 11

Oversimplifying an opponent’s viewpoint and then attacks that hollow argument

Answer 11

Straw Man

Question 12

Comparing minor misdeeds with major atrocities

Answer 12

Moral equivalence

Question 13

The probability of a positive test in someone who has the disease

Answer 13

Sensitivity (PID- positive in disease) True positive in someone who has disease

Question 14

The probability of a negative test in someone who doesn’t have the disease

Answer 14

Specificity (NIH- negative in disease) True negative in someone who doesn’t have the disease

Question 15

The probability that a patient with a positive test result really does have the disease

Answer 15

Positive predictive value PPV

Question 16

The probability that a patient with a negative result really doesn’t have the disease

Answer 16

Negative predictive value NPV

Question 17

Ratio of positive tests in those WITH the disease to positive tests in those WITHOUT the disease

Answer 17

Positive likelihood ratio (+ in disease / + in NO disease)

Question 18

Ratio of negative tests in those WITH disease divided by the ratio of negative tests in those WITHOUT disease

Answer 18

Negative likelihood ratio (-in disease / - in no disease

Question 19

Is there a difference from the beginning of the study to the conclusion of the study in the SAME group?

Answer 19

Within group difference

Question 20

Is there a difference observed between groups?

Answer 20

Between group difference

Question 21

Compares 3 or more groups

Answer 21

ANOVA Analysis of Variance

Question 22

Test of Association

Answer 22

Pearson and Spearman

Question 23

Used to asses relationship between 2 or more variables

Answer 23

Linear regression (CORRELATION)

Question 24

Measures that provide insight into the patient’s physiology

Answer 24

DOE Disease-oriented evidence (blood pressure, reflexes, nervoscope)

Question 25

Information that is subjectively self-reported by patients

Answer 25

POEM Patient-oriented evidence that matters