Evidence Flashcards
2017 General Election
Labour got 64% of under 24
Conservative got 61% of 65+
More AB voted conservatives; 48% v 32%
Labour bad press due to Corbyn
U turn on dementia tax Tory
Labour manifesto geared toward young voters & removed nationalisation
Conservative manifesto made by policymakers
2019 general election
Widespread labour losses
Conservatives benefitted from electoral system: 56% seats 43.6% vote
Labour lost 6 Welsh seats
Fall of red wall
Rise in conservative votes amongst C2 and DE (nearly 50%)
43% of former labour supporters left due to starmer
1997 general election
Blair strong leadership
37% of AB vote labour
Sun backed Labour Party; supported conservatives in 1992 when they won
1979 general election
Thatcher v Callaghan
No confidence vote in Tory
Turnout 76%
Won with 44% of vote
All areas went Tory; more in south
Tory gained 9/11% in C2 D
Women gained conservative due to preferring strong government
Labour only won under 24
Salient issues
Conservatives use inflation and economic turmoil under Callaghan
Media against Blair war
Labour used black Wednesday in 1997
Brexit led to conservative red wall
Dementia tax
Corbyn antisemitism
High vote share v seats
2015 green 1 seat 1 million votes
UKIP 12% no seat
Referendum results and turnouts
AV: turnout 42%; lost by 68%
Brexit: 72%; won by 51.9%
Scottish independence: turnout 85%; loss by 55%
1997 Class Voting
41% AB vote Cons
59% DE vote Labour; 21% Tory
% who believe TV is the most influential part of the media
62%
How many watched TV debates in 2010 v 2019
9.6m v 4.8m
How many young people rely on internet fully?
79%
% of Brexit vote without qualifications
75%
When did cities reject local mayors?
2010 all except Bristol
Turnout under 30
How much is the state funding for referendum campaigns?
600,000
Went to 700,000 in Brexit campaign
Declining turnout
75% in 1987, 71% in 1997, 59% 2001, 66% 2015
Sources of the constitution
Statute - PPERA
common law - Gina miller
Authoritative works - the British constitution
Convention - Salisbury doctrine
EU law
Principles of the constitution
Rule of law, parliamentary sovereignty, separation of powers
Disadvantages of representative democracy
Not directly asked, people make their own decision, detachment,
When was the 3 line whip developed
1900s
Rise of elitist democracy
90% graduates, 35% privately educated
% who claim they don’t trust govt
32%
Partisan dealignment
1950 90% affiliated
Now: 432k Lab, 172k Cons, 104K snp
Causes of Pd
Lost social capital, more educated, media scrutiny, rise of career politicians & age of spin
Increasing democracy
Lower voting age
E democracy
Compulsory voting
Sectional PG
BMA unite
Causal PG
Rspb Cancer research
BMA success/failure
Seatbelts, sugar tax, alcohol pricing,
Strike in 2016 flopped
Greenpeace success/failure
Shut down offshore / lobby govt against petrol cars
300m revenue
Failed to enforce London carbon cap
Conflict with scientists over GMO
Example of failing inside
NUT flopped with Gove
Methods of PG
Letters - water aid
Lobbying/celeb ghurka
Legal challenge: child poverty group v welfare change
March - stop the war flop
Consultation - health and social care act
Think tanks
Fabian society
Adam smith institute
By elections & accountability
Can trigger recall with 10% if MP out for set time
Eg Davies 2019 lost to libdem
Questionable mandates
Labour only got 35% of vote in 2005
Never had over 50% of vote share
Criticism of FPTP
Labour 28 safe seats
2017: lab/cons 2% difference but 55 seats; libdem 12% 11 seats
Majoritarian systems
AV, FPTP, SV
PR systems
AMS, STV,
Types of issue
Valence
Issue voters
Rational choice
Social class breakdown
2010
2017/9 cons hold c2de strongly; labour hold AB with libdem
Cons 58% below GCSE 2019; labour 64% working class 1964
Age division
Labour holds 2/3 of 18-24
Cons hold 45+
Blair got middle age 12%
Crossover age at 39
Short term factors for election results
Leaders, policy, incumbent, funding, overton window, media
1979 GE
Winter of discontent
Promised privatisation and better services
Labour broken economy
Right to buy
Monetarist
1997 election
Black Wednesday crisis
Incumbent sex scandal
Cash for access scandal
179 seat majority
Increased all shared and 70% bame
1997 manifesto promises
Cut times
Devo
Fast track
No tax rise
Liverpool Walton labour
85.7%
Cons/Lab vote share 1979 to 2010
81% to 65%
EU dominance over UK case
Factortame 1990
limits on party funding
PPERA 2000 limit to 30k constituency
Trade Union Act 2016
PPEA 2009 anything over 7500 has to be UK
Impact on 2009 funding reform
Total spending in 2010 30m; worth just cons before
Types of state party funding
Policy development grant
Funding for campaign
Short money given to opposition parties
Which report found loans for peerages
Phillips report 2007
Stages in Scottish devolution
Scotland act 1998
Independence referendum 2014
Scotland Act 2016
Stages in Welsh devolution
1979 referendum beaten
1997 narrowly passed -> wales act 1998
Wales Act 2014 gave stamp duty, business rate
Wales Act 2016 gave 10% income tax and permanence of assembly
West Lothian question
McKay comission
Evel
Scotland still voted on tuition
Used on housing and planning bill
Barnett formula
total number of combined authorit
10
Parliament Act 1911
1949
1911 banned money bill voting (they banned land tax)
Delay only 2 years
1949 one year
3 factors impacting parliament influence over govt
Party discipline
Government control over civil service
Membership of committee’s owned by whip
Examples of breaking cabinet resp
Duncan Smith welfare 2016
Dugdale 1954
Executive dictating policy
Poll tax 1990
Invasion Iraq 2003
Drone strikes Syria 2015
Rate of govt following select committees
44%
Government acting ultra vires
Gina miller
Residence test for legal aid 2016
Suffrage groups
Chartists - men over 21
Suffragists - peaceful protest
Suffragettes - direct action for female enfranchisement
Private member& petition bills
Abortion act
Abolition of death penalty
Backbench business committee 2010
Petitions committee 2015
Inability to manage party as leader
Corbyn 28 resignations 2017
Public bill committee
Strengthened; better scrutiny
2007 reform accepts experts evidence
Types of Committees
Select Committee - internal, topical, department
Public bill committee
HoL committees
Limit of public bill v select committee
Select elected by commons; public bill appointed by whip
EU
1972 joined
1975 referendum
Factortame 1990
