Everything (Week 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cash available relative to level of payables an indicator of?

A

It is an indicator of how able the company is of paying its bills.

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2
Q

Asset levels relative to sales volume indicator of?

A

This is an indicator of how efficient the company’s capital is being used to lead to sales. (Asset turn); How efficient investments (machinery, inventory) generate revenue.

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3
Q

Gross margin as a percentage of sales determines what?

A

This determines how much money can be spent on SG&A costs.

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4
Q

What 2 things is ratio analysis In financial statements most useful for?

A
  1. Comparing year-to-year performance of different metrics within the same company
  2. Comparing companies in an industry
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5
Q

What are the common ratios that give different information on the health of the company (4)

A
  1. Liquidity
  2. Asset management
  3. Profitability
  4. Leverage
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6
Q

What is a Common size statement - what two statements can become this? describe them both.

A

Common statement is making items a percentage of the highest item.
Common statement income statement (usually percentages of net sales) and Common statement balance sheet (a good financial analysis of where assets are being spent - usually a percentage of total assets)

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7
Q

Liquidity ratio - What does it measure? what are the 2 ratios?

A

It measures how able the company is to pay its bills.
Current ratio = Current assets/Current liabilities (value of 2.0 for manufacturing is a good value)
Quick ratio = Cash + Receivables/Current liabilities (known as “acid test” - more conservative measure.

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8
Q

Asset management ratios, what does it measure, what are the 3 terms?

A

This measures how well the company is making use of its assets.
Inventory turn = COGS/Inventory (measures volume that is turned over with single inventory purchase- these cycles vary depending on industry
Asset turn = Annual sales/Assets (measures a company’s ability to convert its assets to sales - low number indicates it takes a lot of capital to create more sales, high number indicates it takes less capital to create sales.
Days receivable = Receivables x 365/Annual sales (measures how long it takes a customer to pay after shipping item - usually 45-60 day average)

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9
Q

What are Profitability ratios (4) and what do they measure?

A

These ratios measure how profitable the company is.
Return on assets = Net income/Assets (measures how well the company’s assets create profit)
Return on shareholders’ equity = Net income/Shareholders’ equity (measures how well the company’s funding creates profit)
Gross margin = Net sales - COGS/Net sales (measures how much can be spent on SG&A); also called gross profit
Profit margin = Net income/Net sales - how profitable the business is.

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10
Q

What are the Leverage ratios (2) and what does it measure (2). What are they also called?

A

Leverage ratios are able to 1. Reveal how well a company can deal a loss
2. Measure how well a company can pay of its short term/long term debt
Debt to equity ratio = Current debt + Long term debt/Shareholders’ equity (measures the risk the investor is taking and also a surrogate metric of how much capital is required for output)
Debt ratio = Current debt + Long term debt/Assets
“Safety ratios”

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11
Q

What are good ways to create company comparisons when evaluating ratios (3)?

A
  1. Historical
  2. Competition
  3. Industry
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12
Q

ADDF access?

A

Site of resources for companies including CROs

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13
Q

How does DAT deficiency and LRRK genetics affect PD progression?

A

DAT deficiency using PET imaging has been shown to identify fast PD progressors.
LRRK2 patients have been shown to progress slower.

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14
Q

Creative destructive labs?

A

Mentoring program in NY for companies

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15
Q

What is GAAP?

A

Generally Accepted Accounting principles - all financial statements need to abide by these rules

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16
Q

Inventory valuation and costs (3 different methods to analyze)?

A
  1. Average cost basis - The average cost of inventory (not very accurate and rarely used)
  2. FIFO - first in first out (aggressive measure taking inventory value of first cost of inventory, thereby increasing profit
  3. LIFO - last in first out (conservative measure, taking cost of last inventory making profit lower)
17
Q

Alkahest (2019)

A

Phase 2 in Mild to moderate AD and Phase 2 in Severe AD, Eotaxin antibody to Wet AMD in Phase 2 and inflammatory psychosis in Phase 1

18
Q

Amylyx (2019)

A

Combination therapy of pan-HDAC inhibitor (Buderyl) and modulator of mitochondria (Tuderyl) in Phase 2 in ALS and AD and Phase 1 in Woflam and MS.

19
Q

TLR4/NLRP3 mechanism

A

TLR4 (can get activated by pathogens, abeta, alpha synuclein, etc) and activated NF-kB which upregulates NLRP3. This induces IL-1b, IL-18, and pyroptosis

20
Q

Marinus Pharmaceuticals (2019)

A

Ganaxolone (GABAa modulator) in Phase 3 for CDK5 deficiency (CDD) and; Phase 2 in postpartum depression and refractor stratus epilepticus

21
Q

What drug from Sage Therapeutics got approved in March 2019?

A

Brexanolone (GABAa modulator) now marketed as Zulresso ($7000/vial, $34K for whole treatment), 60 hour infusion required

22
Q

Anatomy of a good target (5)

A
  1. Human genetics
  2. Dysregulation or modulation in specific cells or tissues
  3. Druggable
  4. Effect of drug on pathophysiology
  5. Target engagement using biomarker
23
Q

PLCg2

A

Amplifier of TREM2

24
Q

What is Z’?

A

The number calculated to see how big your signal vs. noise is; 0.5 in cell assays is good.

25
Q

How does Tau-PET relate to AD progression?

A

Tau-PET in the parietal lobe can detect patients who are fast progressors (patients who will convert from MCI to AD)

26
Q

How much and from who did Karuna Pharmaceuticals raise in March 2019?

A

$68M Series B from ARCH, Fidelity, Pivotal bioVentures, Partner Management fund, Eventide, Sands Capital, Wellcome Trust, PureTech Health, Alexandria

27
Q

When you are optimizing a chemical, what is the correct order of operations?

A

If chemical has good PK/PD, good to use that molecule and then optimize for potency (easier to optimize for potency vs. PK/PD properties)

28
Q

How many H-bonds are able to allow for BBB-penetration?

A

2-3 bonds