Everything up until the final

Question 1

What is the air made up of?

Answer 1

80% Nitrogen, 20% Oxygen

Question 2

What is the freezing point of water in Fahrenheit?

Answer 2

32 Degrees F

Question 3

What is the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit?

Answer 3

212 degrees F

Question 4

What is the lowest temperature in celcius?

Answer 4

-273 degrees C. OR 0 Kelvin

Question 5

How do you find Kelvin if you’re given the temperature in Celsius?

Answer 5

K = C + 273

Question 6

What are the “4 forces” ?

Answer 6

1) Gravity/ levity
2) EM force (electromagnetic)
3) Strong
4) Weak

Question 7

What does Strong force do?

Answer 7

Hold the nucleus together. With the protons having the same charge they naturally want to repel one another but strong force holds them together.

Question 8

What is Weak force?

Answer 8

Something to do with radioactivity??? idk half life or some shit.

Question 9

What is the surface(photosphere) temperature of the Sun?

Answer 9

6000 Kelvin

Question 10

What colour do “cool stars” appear?

Answer 10

RED

Question 11

What colour do “hot stars” appear?

Answer 11

BLUE

Question 12

What are the wavelengths from shortest to longest?

Answer 12

Shorter waves have higher energy

Gamma ray
X-ray
Ultra violet
Visible light
Infrared
Microwave
Radio wave

Longer waves have less energy

Question 13

What is an Alpha particle?

Answer 13

Helium nucleus consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

Question 14

What is a Beta particle?

Answer 14

Electron

Question 15

What are 7 different types of stars?

Answer 15

1) Red/Blue Giants
2) Red/Blue Dwarfs
3) Neutrons
4) Quorks
5) Black hole
6) Variable
7) Binary stars

Question 16

How far away is the Sun?

Answer 16

93 million miles, 150 million km, 8 light minutes, 1 AU (astronomical unit)

Question 17

What are the first 5 letters of the Greek alphabet?

Answer 17

Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon

Question 18

What is the density of water?

Answer 18

1.00 g/cm cubed

Question 19

What is the density of a rock?

Answer 19

3.00 g/cm cubed

Question 20

What is the density of gold?

Answer 20

20.0 g/cm cubed

Question 21

Name 3 radioactive elements?

Answer 21

1) Uranium
2) Radium
3) Polonium

Question 22

How long is the solar cycle of the Sun?

Answer 22

Solar cycle = Magnetic field. flips every 11 years

Question 23

How long is the rotational period of the sun?

Answer 23

24 days at the equator. 35 days close to the top/bottom. called “Differential Rotation”

Question 24

Who discovered the composition of the sun and in what year?

Answer 24

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (1925)

Question 25

What is the corona and what temperature is it?

Answer 25

Outer most layer of the suns atmosphere. Can be seen during a total solar eclipse. 2,000,000 K

Question 26

What is the chromosphere of the sun and what temperature is it?

Answer 26

Lower region of the suns atmosphere. 10,000 K

Question 27

What is the photosphere and what temperature is it?

Answer 27

"Visible surface" of the sun. 6,000 K. Where the Sun spots (solar granulation) happen

Question 28

How long does it take a neutrino to get out of the sun?

Answer 28

2 seconds

Question 29

How long does it take a photon to get out of the sun?

Answer 29

"Random walk" anywhere from 100,000 - 1,000,000 years

Question 30

What are the 4 famous super novas and what years did they happen?

Answer 30

1054 - Crab 1572 - Tycho 1604 - Kepler 1987 - Large Magellanic Cloud

Question 31

Who invented (discovered idk) the Bright line Dark line and Continuous star spectrum's?

Answer 31

Bunsen and Kirchoff (1860ish) Fraunhoffer- found the actual dark lines

Question 32

What is frequency?

Answer 32

The number of waves that pass a fixed point in unit time

Question 33

What is Lambda Max?

Answer 33

The wavelength at which a substance has its strongest photon absorption. The highest point along the spectrums y-axis

Question 34

What is Absolute brightness (Magnitude) M?

Answer 34

How bright a star appears at a distance of 10 pc

Question 35

What is apparent brightness (Magnitude) m?

Answer 35

How bright a star appears from earth

Question 36

Which type of stars show strong helium lines?

Answer 36

O & B stars

Question 37

Which type of stars show strong hydrogen lines?

Answer 37

A stars

Question 38

Which type of stars show strong molecule lines?

Answer 38

K & M stars

Question 39

Name some binary systems?

Answer 39

Procyon A (main sequence) -procyon B (white dwarf) Sirius A (main sequence) -sirius B (white dwarf) Mizar and Alcor (6 star unit)

Question 40

How long does it take Halley's comet to orbit the sun?

Answer 40

76 years

Question 41

What is "sublimation" and where would you see this term for astronomy?

Answer 41

(goes from a solid to a gas right away) The solar winds "melt" the ice (sublimation) of a comet and the dirt trails behind

Question 42

What is the temperature/ density of the center of the sun?

Answer 42

15,000,000 K 150 g/cm3

Question 43

What is another name for hydrogen burning and what temperature is needed to do it?

Answer 43

Proton proton chain 10,000,000 K (fusion of protons)

Question 44

What temperature is needed for helium burning?

Answer 44

100,000,000 K

Question 45

What temperature is needed for C, N, O burning?

Answer 45

500,000,000 K

Question 46

Density of the earth?

Answer 46

5.5 g/cm3

Question 47

What is the brightest star (largest apparent mag from earth)?

Answer 47

Sirius A

Question 48

Finish the sentence "The more luminous the star the...........” And who discovered this?

Answer 48

the more luminous the star the HIGHER THE MASS. Eddington discovered this.

Question 49

What is the nearest star?

Answer 49

Proxima Centauri

Question 50

What are brown dwarfs?

Answer 50

Bigger than a planet, smaller than a star. " Super planet or failed star " Failed because doesn’t reach the 10 mil kelvin required to burn hydrogen

Question 51

What are the 3 kinds of meterorites?

Answer 51

1) Stony 2) Metal (iron) 3) Stony (iron-type) RARE

Question 52

How fast does Earth move?

Answer 52

30 km/s

Question 53

Why do Cephied variable stars pulsate and how much can they change in size?

Answer 53

unequal pressure forces and gravity. change of 20%

Question 54

Which stars have longer lifetimes? (mass-lifetime relation)

Answer 54

Smaller mass = longer life Bigger mass = shorter life

Question 55

Composition of the suns surface?

Answer 55

75% H 24% He 1% metals

Question 56

Composition of the suns center?

Answer 56

50% H (because its burning) 49% He 1% metals

Question 57

What is another name for helium burning?

Answer 57

Triple alpha process "helium flash"

Question 58

What type of stars can burn CNO?

Answer 58

High mass stars (that reach 500mil K) low mass stars cant

Question 59

List some types of stars you would find in the instability strip?

Answer 59

Variable stars: Cepheids R R Lyrae Z Z Ceti

Question 60

What type of star is Trappist 1?

Answer 60

Low mass star (like proxima centauri). It has 7 planets going around it

Question 61

What is the Chandrasekhar limit?

Answer 61

When a star adds mass to the white dwarf it starts to shrink but the density increases. The limit that a white dwarf can get to before turning into a super nova is 1.44mass of the sun. "electron degenerate pressure"

Question 62

What is a planetary nebula?

Answer 62

A glowing, expanding shell of ionized gas ejected from the low mass red giant. a white dwarf is left behind.

Question 63

What type of spectrum is the moon?

Answer 63

Dark line (absorption)

Question 64

Where would you find a continuous spectrum?

Answer 64

Glowing tungsten filament

Question 65

what is an example of a black hole?

Answer 65

Cygnus X-1 Sagitarius A

Question 66

What element does the H and K lines show?

Answer 66

Ionized calcium

Question 67

Name of the observatory in victoria?

Answer 67

Dominion astrophysical observatory

Question 68

Where is mount Palomar?

Answer 68

California

Question 69

Which spectral type shows the strongest hydrogen lines?

Answer 69

A type stars

Question 70

What type of lines are present in O type stars?

Answer 70

Ionized helium

Question 71

What type of lines are present in B type stars ?

Answer 71

Neutral helium