Everything to Memorize

Question 1

Solubility Rules

Answer 1

Group 1
Ammonium
Nitrates
Hydrogen Carbonates
Chlorates
Sulfates

Question 2

Insolubility Rules

Answer 2

Hydroxides
Carbonates
Phosphates
Chromates
Sulfides

ALL THINGS WITH GROUP 1 OR AMMONIA ARE ALWAYS SOLUBLE

Question 3

The dumb thermodynamics table

Answer 3

NPNN ~ Spon
PNPP ~ Non
NNP ~ LTS HTN
PPN ~ LTN HTS

H S TS G

(“How Socks Touch Shoes G”)

Question 4

Equilibrium Rules about Pressure

Answer 4

Volume Decrease = Pressure Increase = EQ Shifts to fewer gas moles

Volume Increase = Pressure Decrease = EQ Shifts to more gas moles

Question 5

Equilibrium Rules about Temperature

Answer 5

Exothermic = Released Energy
Endothermic = Input Energy

Temp increase increases the concentration were energy is in the equation.

Question 6

Covalent Network

Bonding + Properties?

Answer 6

Covalent
High Melting + High Boiling

Question 7

Molecular

Bonding + Properties?

Answer 7

LDF + Dipole Dipole + Hydrogen
Low Melting + Bad Conductor

Question 8

Ionic

Bonding + Properties?

Answer 8

Electrostatic Attraction
Brittle + High Melting + Bad Conductor
Ions move around freely

Question 9

Metallic

Bonding + Properties

Answer 9

Metallic Bonds (Electron Sea)
Good Conductor + Malleable

Question 10

How and where does energy flow in a salt bridge? What are in the anodes and cathodes?

Answer 10

From anode to cathode which are WIRES.

The more negative voltage element is oxidized in the anode.

The more positive voltage element is reduced in the cathode.v

Question 11

Where are the metals and nonmetals on PT?

Answer 11

Metals are to the left while nonmetals are to the right.

Question 12

Ideal Gas Law conditions

Answer 12

The Ideal Gas Law only applies to particles that have no attraction to each other and have equal size.

Question 13

How does a neutralization reaction work? Examples? How does it impact pH?

Answer 13

A titration and all acid base reactions are neutralization reactions. The moles excess reactant and the volume of the solution only impact pH.

Question 14

What does a jump in Ionization energy mean?

Answer 14

Before the jump is how many VE there are. If the jump is at 3rd ionization energy, then the element has a +3 charge.

Question 15

Why do reactions occur over certain temperatures?

Answer 15

A reaction only occurs at a significant rate over a certain temperature if the reaction has high activation energy.

Question 16

Why do reactions that are thermodynamically favorable occur at slow rates?

Answer 16

If something is thermodynamically favorable and occurs at a slow rate, it is always because the reaction has high activation energy.

Question 17

What happens to the equilibrium constant when you reverse a reaction and multiply it by 2.

Answer 17

1/(k^2)

Question 18

Columbus Law

Answer 18

F ∝ q/r

Q = charge
R = Internuclear distance, radius.

Question 19

Q vs K

Answer 19

Q > K = Precipitate
Q < K = No Precipitate

Question 20

What should you never do?

Answer 20

Change the given voltage of a half reaction

Question 21

List of things that impact reaction rate

Answer 21

Temperature

Question 22

How do you find the current?

Answer 22

1. Write Redox Reaction for element.
2. Multiply number of mols of element with the product of the number of electrons in the redox reaction and the faraday constant.
3. Set product equal to charge and use equation sheet.

Question 23

IMF relation to solubility

Answer 23

IMF proportional to Solubility.

More Soluble means easier to dissolve.

Question 24

Thermodynamically favorable?

Relation to E?

Answer 24

G < 0 ~ THERMODYNAMICALLY FAVORABLE

G > 0 ~ THERMODYNAMICALLY UNFAVORABLE

G shares opposite sign with E

Question 25

Bonding Angles

Linear
Bent
Trigonal Planar
Tetrahederal

Answer 25

180
109.5
120
109.5