Everything To Do With Cells Flashcards
Organelle
Structures inside of a cell
Cytology
The study of a cell
Cell Membrane
Selectively Permeable surrounding of a cell
Cytosol
The fluid within a cell
Cytoplasm
The internal structure of a cell
Cytosol and Organelles
Intracellular Fluid
Same as Cytosol
Extra cellular Fluid
Found outside of the cell
Interstitial Fluid
Between the cells
Plasma
Liquid portion of blood
What is the cell membrane composed of?
Lipids, proteins and carbohydrates
Fluid Mosaic Model
Changing form of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates of cell structure
Non-Polar also known as:
Lipid-soluble
Diffusion
The random movement of dissolved substances along its concentration gradient
Polar is also known as:
Water Soluble
True or false:
Polar substances such as charged ions cannot cross the phospholipid bolster
True!
They must travel through channels in the membrane proteins
True or false:
Non-polar substances can move across the phospholipid bilayer by a process called diffusion
True! Diffusion is the random movement of substances along their concentration gradient
Selectively Permeable
Only some stuff can get through the cell membrane! This allows the intracellular fluid to differ from the extra cellular fluid
The nucleus is the site of:
Chromatin, Cell Division (chromatin to chromosomes)
Nucleoli is the part of the nucleus that forms:
Ribosomes!
Ribosomes are the site of:
Protein synthesis! The formation of proteins using genetic information found in DNA
Protein Synthesis in the Rough ER
Process by which DNA is broken down to a single strand of mRNA through transcription (so it can move through pores) And then translated to the language of proteins!
Endoplasmic Reticulum:
Flattened Sacs made of lipid bilayers
Rough ER:
Ribosomes attach and it makes proteins!
Smooth ER:
Ribosomes absent! Makes lipids, membranes, detoxifying substances or more substances!
Which organ contains many smooth ER?
Liver!
Golgi Apparatus:
Collect, Package, Deliver
Mitochondria:
Site of aerobic cellular respiration!
Cellular Respiration
Cells generate energy in the form of ATP
Where does ATP come from?
The breakdown of glucose!
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
Cytoskeleton
Complex arrangement of filamentous proteins
What is the cytoskeleton involved in?
Cell shape and internal movement
Give an example of a cytoskeleton protein:
Microtubule
Centriole
Paired, barrel-shaped organelles composed of microtubules
What is the function of Centriole?
Formation of Cilia and Flagella
Two centrioles are involved in the assembly of microtubules to form a __________
Spindle Apparatus
What is the purpose of a Spindle Apparatus?
Movement of chromosomes during cell division
Flagella and Cilia
Composed of microtubules and are anchored to the cell
Flagella
Sperm Cell Tail
Cilia
Can be found in the apical surface of epithelial cells–lining the respiratory tract
What is the function of Cilia?
Sweep mucus trapped particles away from the lungs
What is Cell Division?
Cells divide to produce more cells
What is Mitosis?
One cell divides into two identical daughter cells with the exact same DNA and number of chromosomes
Where in the body does mitosis occur?
Stem Cells; important for growth of bones in children, hair and tissue repair
What is meiosis?
FUSION of gametes to restore number of chromosomes
Where does Meiosis occur?
ONLY IN THE GONADS!
What is Cellular Respiration ?
Process of converting food energy to usable form for cellular activities
What type of cellular activities does cellular Respiration promote?
Transport, growth and chemical reactions
What are the two types of Cellular Respiration?
- ) Aerobic Cellular Respiration
2. ) Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
What is Anaerobic Cellular Respiration?
2 molecules of ATP produced per glucose (inefficient)
What is Aerobic Cellular Respiration?
Oxygen Requiring: Produces 36 molecules of ATP per glucose
