Everything Stars Flashcards
What are safe methods to observe the Sun?
Pinhole Projection:
Sunlight passes through a pinhole lense into the opposite wall.
Telescopic Projection:
A telescope with a sun shade is pointed at the sun, the light through the telescope is then projected by it onto paper. (sun shade, shades the paper allowing for the sun to be shown)
What is a H-Alpha Filter?
A filter used in solar observation.
It only allows a wavelength of 656nm through (n=3 to n=2)
Why is a H-Alpha Filter useful?
It produces contrast on the Sun’s Surface.
Allowing for better viewing for features, such as Solar Falres, Sunspots,Chromosphere and prominences.
What is a Sunspot?
Cooler (∴ darker) regions on the Photosphere, where the convection currents are inhibited by strong localised magnetic fields.
what is the coolest part of the Sun?
Sunspots
What Temperature are Sunspots?
Umbra (darker central): 3500K
Penumbra (surrounds umbra): 4500K
Why are Sunspots in Pairs?
North and South polarity
How big are Sunspots?
1000km - 12000km
What is the Sun’s Rotaional period?
Equator: 25 days
Poles: 36 days
How can the Sun’s Rotational Period be measured?
The distance a Sunspot will move across the sun in a certain period of time is used
Why does the Sun’s Rotaional Period differ across Latitudes?
Because the Sun acts as a fluid
How long is a Solar Cycle?
11 years
What is a Solar Cycle?
The time taken for Sunspot sto travel form the poles to the equator
What is a Butterfly Diagram and what is it used for?
It shows the positioning of Sunspots and can be used to determine the length of the Solar Cycle
Where are Sunspot located?
On the Photophere.
Few Sunspots above 40°N/S
Sunspots increase as latitude decreases
Few Sunspots below 10°N/S
What happens to Sunspots over the Solar Cycle?
They move closer to the equator
What is the Diameter of the Sun?
1.4 million km
How far is Earth form the Sun?
150 million km
1 AU
What is the composition of the Sun?
71% H
27% He
2% Other
(asthe sun is 99% mass of solar system this is also the composition of the solar system)
What are the layers of the Sun?
Core: 15 million K Radiation Zone: 7-2 million K Convection Zone: 2 million - 5800 K Photosphere: 5800 K Chromosphere: 4500 K Corona: 2 million K
Why is the Corona so hot?
Temperature is average kinetic energy of particle, as there are few particle they are able to move very fast
Where on the Sun are X rays emited?
Corona and Magnetic loops.
As they require very high energies.
What is the Proton-Proton Chain?
A nuclear fusion chain reaction, which occurs in the core of the Sun
4 protons → Helium-4 nucleus
What is the Solar Wind?
A steady stream of charged particles (p, e-, α and ions), flowing outwards in all directions from the Sun’s corona