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Mrs. Theobald's Science Class > EVERYTHING FINAL > Flashcards

EVERYTHING FINAL Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The smallest unit of a living thing

A

cell

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2
Q

cells that form a layer and have the same function

A

tissues

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3
Q

tissues that group together to perform the same job

A

organs

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4
Q

organs that function together to do the same job

A

organ systems

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5
Q

facts you learn through your senses during an experiment

A

observations

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6
Q

a proposed solution to a problem based on research and observations

A

hypothesis

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7
Q

when focusing a microscope, how do you tell the coarse adjustment knob from the fine adjustment knob

A

coarse adjustment knob is bigger, fine is smaller

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8
Q

How can you tell the low power objective from the high power objective on a microscope?

A

low power objective is shorter

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9
Q

What part of the microscope controls the amount of light passing through the stage?

A

diaphragm

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10
Q

How do you calculate total magnification of a microscope?

A

multiply the eyepiece x the objective

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11
Q

grouping organisms according to similarities and difference

A

classification

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12
Q

who invented our modern classification system?

A

Linnaeus

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13
Q

What are the 7 levels of classification, in order

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
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14
Q

What is the scientific name for humans?

A

Homo sapiens

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15
Q

What species do humans belong to?

A

sapiens

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16
Q

What Genus do humans belong to?

A

Homo

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17
Q

Animals that have a body temperature that changes when the temperature of the environment changes

A

Cold-blooded

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18
Q

Animals that have a body temperature that stays constant even when the temperature of the environment changes

A

Warm-blooded

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19
Q

Producing organisms of the same kind with only one parent and very little genetic variation

A

asexual reproduction

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20
Q

Producing organisms of the same kind with two parents resulting in genetic variations

A

sexual reproduction

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21
Q

breaking down food into smaller usable nutrients

A

digestion

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22
Q

taking in food

A

ingestion

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23
Q

producing glucose by using the energy found in sunlight

A

photosynthesis

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24
Q

getting rid of wastes

A

excretion

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25
Q

movement of materials throughout the body

A

transport

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26
Q

releasing energy from glucose by using oxygen

A

respiration

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27
Q

releasing energy from glucose without using oxygen

A

fermentation

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28
Q

When yeast cells carry out fermentation what waste product is formed?

A

alcohol

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29
Q

When muscle cells carry out fermentation what waste product is formed?

A

lactic acid

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30
Q

What two chemicals must plants take in to carry out photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide and water

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31
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur in the cell?

A

chloroplast

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32
Q

Where does respiration occur in the cell?

A

mitochondria

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33
Q

What two chemicals do all cells take in to carry out respiration?

A

glucose and oxygen

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34
Q

What organelle makes plants green?

A

chloroplasts

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35
Q

What organelle helps animal cells to divide?

A

centrioles

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36
Q

What structure found on the outside of plant cells gives them their shape?

A

cell wall

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37
Q

What do animal cells have as a barrier to the outside?

A

cell membrane

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38
Q

The powerhouse of the cell (because it releases energy from food)

A

mitochondria

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39
Q

Controls all the cells activities

A

nucleus

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40
Q

The fluid material that fills up the cell, supporting all the organelles

A

cytoplasm

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41
Q

These structures contain all the blueprints or instructions for everything the cell makes or does

A

chromosome

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42
Q

These organelles make proteins

A

ribosomes

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43
Q

These organelles act as a transport system throughout the cell

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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44
Q

This organelle controls what enters and leaves the cell

A

cell membrane

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45
Q

These organelles contain enzymes to digest food

A

lysosomes

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46
Q

These organelles hold food, water and wastes

A

vacuoles

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47
Q

When molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration (crowded to more room)

A

diffusion

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48
Q

When water moves from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

A

osmosis

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49
Q

List the stages of mitosis in order

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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50
Q

At which stage of mitosis are the chromosomes lined up at the equator?

A

Metaphase

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51
Q

At which stage of mitosis are the chromosomes torn apart and pulled toward the poles?

A

Anaphase

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52
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46

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53
Q

How many chromosomes does a human egg have?

A

23

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54
Q

How many chromosomes does a human sperm cell have?

A

23

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55
Q

The process of combining the chromosomes in the egg with those in the sperm to create a zygote

A

fertilization

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56
Q

If a parent cell from a chicken liver has 78 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

A

78

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57
Q

Sperm cells are generally much smaller than egg cells. What does the sperm add to the egg cell to create the zygote?

A

chromosomes

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58
Q

Many animals carry out external fertilization. Where does this type of fertilization usually occur?

A

in the water

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59
Q

How do we prove viruses are not living things?

A

they are not made of cells

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60
Q

Viruses reproduce inside of cells. What do we call these doomed cells?

A

hosts

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61
Q

All bacteria belong to the Kingdom Monera . What significant structure to all their cells lack?

A

Nucleus (prokaryotes)

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62
Q

Which Kingdom contains unicellular eukaryotes such a the amoeba and paramecium?

A

Protista

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63
Q

What kind of organism gets its nutrients by living in or on another organism?

A

parasite

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64
Q

What kind of organism gets it nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter?

A

Saprophyte (decomposer)

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65
Q

What does an amoeba use its pseudopod for?

A

locomotion / capture food

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66
Q

What does a euglena use to aid in locomotion?

A

flagella

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67
Q

What does a paramecium use to aid in locomotion?

A

cilia

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68
Q

What are contractile vacuoles for?

A

To pump out extra water

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69
Q

What are the green spots in the euglena?

A

chloroplasts

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70
Q

What is the red spot in the euglena?

A

eyespot

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71
Q

mold, mushrooms and yeast all belong to the Kindgom ?

A

fungi

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72
Q

Fungi reproduce by using these small structures instead of seeds.

A

spores

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73
Q

Lichens are a mutualism between a fungus and ?

A

algae

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74
Q

Plants that have tubes to carry materials

A

Vascular (Tracheophytes)

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75
Q

Plants that do not have tubes to carry materials

A

non-vascular (Bryophytes)

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76
Q

The plant tubes that carry food down from the leaves to the roots

A

phloem

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77
Q

The plant tubes that carry food upward to the roots to the leaves

A

xylem

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78
Q

mosses and ferns use these to reproduce instead of seeds

A

spores

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79
Q

Which Class of plants has flowers?

A

Angiosperms

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80
Q

Which Class of plants produces seeds on cones.

A

Gymnoperms

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81
Q

How does phototropism affect plants?

A

they grow toward the light

82
Q

What part of a plant is responsible for absorbing water?

A

root hairs

83
Q

What part of plant is responsible for most photosynthesis?

A

leaves

84
Q

What part of the flower traps the pollen on the top of the pistil?

A

stigma

85
Q

Where can you find a plant embryo?

A

in the seed

86
Q

What part of the flower makes the pollen?

A

anther

87
Q

What part of the flower will become the fruit?

A

ovary

88
Q

What is the purpose of flowers?

A

reproduction

89
Q

What is the purpose of bright colored petals and scent in flowers?

A

to attract pollinators

90
Q

What is the male part of the flower?

A

stamen

91
Q

What is the female part of the flower?

A

pistil

92
Q

Where does the plant get the energy it needs for photosynthesis?

A

sunlight

93
Q

Pollination within the same flower

A

self pollination

94
Q

Pollination between two flowers on two different plants

A

cross pollination

95
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis

A

glucose and oxygen

96
Q

The job or role of an organism in its environment

A

niche

97
Q

Food webs and food chains follow the flow of ? through an ecosystem

A

energy

98
Q

In a food chain, organisms that use light energy to make food are called

A

producers

99
Q

An organism that eats plants only

A

herbivore

100
Q

An organism that eats other animals only

A

carnivore

101
Q

An organism that consumes both plants and animals as food

A

omnivore

102
Q

What is the primary cause of current extinctions?

A

habitat destruction

103
Q

An organism that breaks down and recycles the nutrients in dead plants and animals

A

saprophyte (decomposer)

104
Q

What Phylum do tapeworms belong to?

A

Platyhelminthes

flatworms

105
Q

What Phylum do ascaris and trichina belong to?

A

Nematoda

roundworms

106
Q

What Phylum do sponges belong to?

A

Porifera

107
Q

What Phylum do leeches and earthworms belong to?

A

Annelida

segmented worms

108
Q

What Phylum do the jellyfish and anemones belong to?

A

Cnidaria

109
Q

What Phylum do sea stars belong to?

A

Echinodermata

110
Q

What Phylum do octopi and clams belong to?

A

Mollusca

111
Q

The Annelid (segmented worm) that feeds off the the blood of its host.

A

leech

112
Q

Chemicals such as amylase and bile that break down food .

A

enzymes

113
Q

What system includes the earthworms crop and gizzard?

A

Digestive System

114
Q

If an organism has a closed circulatory system, where is the blood?

A

in vessels

115
Q

What kind of symmetry do you have?

A

bilateral

116
Q

What kind of symmetry does a starfish have

A

radial

117
Q

What structures do sea stars use to capture prey and sense their environment?

A

tube feet

118
Q

What class of arthropod has 6 legs and 3 body segments?

A

insect

119
Q

What class of arthropod has 8 legs and 2 body segments?

A

Arachnids

spiders

120
Q

What structure do mollusks use to produce their shells?

A

mantle

121
Q

What structure do mollusks use for locomotion?

A

foot

122
Q

Growing back missing or damaged parts

A

regeneration

123
Q

What structure does the grasshopper use to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A

spiracles

124
Q

What structure does a crayfish use to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A

gills

125
Q

What structure does a fish use to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A

gils

126
Q

What structure does a earthworm use to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A

skin

127
Q

What structure does a frog use to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A

lungs and skin

128
Q

What Class of Arthropod are spiders and mites and ticks?

A

Arachnids

129
Q

What Class of Arthropods are butterflies and ants?

A

Insects

130
Q

What are the stages of a n insects complete metamorphosis?

A

egg
larva
pupa
adult

131
Q

Penguins cannot fly. Why are they birds?

A

warm blooded
four chambered heart
lay eggs
have feathers

132
Q

an egg laying mammal such as a platypus

A

monotreme

133
Q

Animals that give birth to partially developed young that continue development in a pouch such as kangaroo

A

marsupials

134
Q

Structure found in placental mammals that allows materials to be exchanged between the mother and the baby

A

placenta

135
Q

Embryos are surrounded by a fluid filled sac. The fluid inside is called . . .

A

amnion

136
Q

What is the purpose of the yolk in an egg

A

food for the developing embryo

137
Q

Where does the fetus develop in humans?

A

uterus

138
Q

bossy chemicals produced by the endocrine glands to regulate the body

A

hormones

139
Q

What gland produces insulin?

A

pancreas

140
Q

What gland produces human growth hormone?

A

pituitary

141
Q

What gland produces estrogen?

A

ovaries

142
Q

specialized cells that make up nerves

A

neurons

143
Q

The space between neurons

A

synapse

144
Q

part of the brain that controls thought and memory

A

cerebrum

145
Q

part of the brain that controls all the involuntary actions such as heart rate

A

medulla

146
Q

Part of the brain that controls balance and coordination.

A

cerebellum

147
Q

What part of your central nervous system controls the reflex arc?

A

spinal cord

148
Q

The kidney has millions of filtering units called . . .

A

nephrons

149
Q

Kidneys are connected to the urinary bladder by

A

ureters

150
Q

The lung has millions of these air sacs where water and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the

A

alveoli

151
Q

What process moves oxygen and carbon dioxide from the cells to the blood or from the water to a fish’s gills

A

diffusion

152
Q

Which way does the diaphragm move when you inhale?

A

pulls down

makes lungs bigger

153
Q

Which way does the diaphragm move when you exhale?

A

pushes up

makes lungs smaller

154
Q

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood the farthest?

A

left ventricle

155
Q

Which chamber of the heart receive oxygen-poor blood from the body through the vena cava

A

right atrium

156
Q

Large flexible blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

A

arteries

157
Q

Blood vessels with valves to carry blood back to the heart.

A

veins

158
Q

The smallest blood vessels where oxygen and glucose can diffuse into and out of the blood.

A

capillaries

159
Q

the upper chambers of the heart

A

atria

160
Q

the lower chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

161
Q

This blood vessel carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

162
Q

What blood type is the universal donor?

A

Type O

163
Q

What blood type is the universal recipient?

A

Type AB

164
Q

What part of the blood helps to create blood clots?

A

platelets

165
Q

What part of the blood helps to fight infections?

A

WBCs

166
Q

What part of the blood carries the oxygen?

A

RBCs

167
Q

Where does mechanical digestion take place in the human body?

A

mouth

stomach

168
Q

What tube connects the mouth to the stomach?

A

esophagus

169
Q

What part of the digestive tract is responsible for absorbing excess water?

A

large intestine

170
Q

Most digestion and elimination occurs at this part of the digestive tract.

A

small intestine

171
Q

The chemicals that break down food such as bile and amylase

A

enzymes

172
Q

the building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

173
Q

list the 6 nutrients

A 
water
carbohydrates
proteins
fats
vitamins
minerals
174
Q

smooth flexible tissue found on the ends of bones

A

cartilage

175
Q

connects muscles to bones

A

tendons

176
Q

connects bones to bones

A

ligaments

177
Q

What kind of muscle is the heart composed of?

A

cardiac

178
Q

What kind of muscle is your small intestine composed of?

A

smooth

179
Q

What kind of muscle is your bicep and abdominals composed of?

A

skeletal

180
Q

Muscles that you can control such as your biceps are called . . .

A

voluntary

181
Q

Muscles that you cannot control such as your small intestine are called . . .

A

involuntary

182
Q

The spinal cord is protected by the . . .

A

vertebrae

183
Q

The brain is protected by the . . .

A

cranium

184
Q

The heart and lungs are protected by the . . .

A

ribs

185
Q

hip bone

A

pelvis

186
Q

finger bones

A

phalanges

187
Q

jaw bone

A

mandible

188
Q

upper arm bone

A

humerus

189
Q

thigh bone

A

femur

190
Q

shin bone

A

tibia

191
Q

tail bone

A

coccyx

192
Q

skull

A

cranium

193
Q

knee cap

A

patella

194
Q

wrist

A

carpals

195
Q

breast bone

A

sternum

196
Q

collar bone

A

clavicle

197
Q

shoulder blade

A

scapula

198
Q

ankle

A

tarsals

199
Q

bones that make up the palm of the hand

A

metacarpals

200
Q

This mineral makes bones strongq

A

Calcium

Mrs. Theobald's Science Class (1 decks)

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