Everything Else Flashcards
Which drug classification should not be taken with potassium-sparing diuretics?
ACE inhibitors
What are side effects of glucocorticoids (4)?
Hypokalemia, impaired wound healing, hypertension, and peptic ulcer disease
Which of the following medications would be used prophylactically in the treatment of migraine headaches?
A. Butorphanol
B. Maxalt
C. Propranolol
D. Sumatriptan
C. Propranolol (Inderal) is a prophylactic agent used to prevent migraine headaches. Butorphanol (Stadol), Maxalt, and sumatriptan (Imitrex) are agents used to abort migraine headaches.
What is the study of the action of drugs within the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?
Pharmacokinetics
used to prevent the development, proliferation, and growth of abnormal cells
antineoplastic agents (also known as cancer drugs)
What is the purpose of antifungal agents?
to prevent the spread of fungus and eliminate it
What type of agent prevents the growth of the bacteria but does not kill the bacteria?
bacteriostatic agent
What type of agent kills bacteria?
bactericidal
What side effect may result from taking thiazide diuretics?
hypokalemia (low potassium)
What are 3 side effects of steroids?
Bruising, moon face, and weight gain
What class of medication might contribute to PUD?
NSAIDS
What unit of measurement is used to indicate the strength of heparin?
International Units
What do International Units measure?
The activity of the substance
Which generic medication is available as an OTC product to treat seasonal rhinitis?
Loratadine (Claritin)
What is an OTC product used to treat peptic ulcer disease?
Maalox or Mylanta (aluminum hydroxide-magnesium hydroxide)
What is a prescription medication used to treat seasonal respiratory allergies?
Allegra (fexofenadine)
What is the process by which drug molecules leave the bloodstream and enter the body tissue called?
distribution
What is the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream called?
absorption
What is the process by which drugs are converted to other compounds called?
metabolism
What is the removal of a drug from the body called?
excretion
What is bioavailability?
the measurement of both the drug absorption and total amount of drug that reaches the systemic blood circulation. Bioavailability compares the amount of drug administered with how much actually reaches the site.
What does duration of action refer to?
the amount of time needed to obtain a therapeutic level before a therapeutic response is experienced
What does half-life refer to?
the amount of time necessary for half of the amount of the medication to be eliminated by the body
What does the Therapeutic index illustrate?
the minimum amount of medication required to obtain a response and the maximum amount of drug safe enough for the patient to take without experiencing toxicities
What medication is an antidote for an excess of warfarin?
phytonadione (Vitamin K)
What medication is an antidote for heparin and enoxaparin?
protamin sulfate
What classification of antidepressants needs to be washed out of the body before switching to another antidepressant?
MAOIs
Which of the following vaccines is used to treat hepatitis B? A. Attenuvax B. Havrix C. Meruvax D. Recombivax HB
Recombivax HB is used to treat hepatitis B
Which of the following vaccines is used to treat measles? A. Attenuvax B. Havrix C. Meruvax D. Recombivax HB
Attenuvax is used to treat measles
Which of the following vaccines is used to treat hepatitis A? A. Attenuvax B. Havrix C. Meruvax D. Recombivax HB
Havrix is used to treat hepatitis A
Which of the following vaccines is used to treat rubella? A. Attenuvax B. Havrix C. Meruvax D. Recombivax HB
Meruvax is used to treat rubella
What dosage form releases carbon dioxide when it comes in contact with a liquid such as water?
effervescent salts
Which of the following does not have anything in common with the three other medications? A. Levothyroxine B. Lithium C. Phenytoin D. Sertraline
D.
Blood work tests must be performed on patients taking levothyroxine, lithium, or phenytoin to ensure that the patients are receiving the proper doses of medication.
What process occurs when a drug blocks the activity of metabolic enzymes in the liver?
inhibition
What term refers to the combined effects of 2 drugs?
additive effect
What term is used to describe “an effect that increases or prolongs the action of another drug, and the total effect is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug taken alone”?
potentiation
What process describes “the joint action of drugs in which their combined effect is more intense or longer in duration than the sum of their individual effects”?
synergism
Which gland influences water balance, body temperature, appetite, and emotions?
the hypothalamus
What is the goal of the hypothalamus?
to maintain homeostasis within the body
What drug classification is lorazepam in?
benzodiazepine
A patient is taking phenazopyridine. What color may his or her urine become?
orange
What is another name for a nonproprietary drug?
generic drug
What is the maximum number of refills allowed for a prescription of oxycodone + APAP if authorized by the prescriber?
0 - it is a C2 drug
What type of hypersensitivity reaction occurs when circulating antibodies of the IgG, IgM, or IgA class react with an antigen associated with a cell membrane?
Type 2
What type of (anaphylactic) reactions are produced when the antigen has stimulated the production of the antibody, which then becomes fixed to basophils and mast cells in the tissues?
Type 1
What type of (toxin-precipitin) reaction occurs when the precipitin complex is removed from the bloodstream by the reticuloendothelial cells in the spleen?
Type 3
What type of (cell-mediated hypersensitivity) reaction depends on the presence of T-cell lymphocytes that combine with the antigen?
Type 4
If an individual experiences a sudden loss of NA and H2O from the body, which of the following conditions may occur?
hypotension
What type of drug is dextromethorphan?
A nonopioid cough suppressant
Which of the following medications is not a leukotriene inhibitor used in the treatment of asthma? A. Cromolyn sodium B. Montelukast C. Zafirlukast D. Zileuton
A. cromolyn sodium (Intel or Nasacort)
What condition may result if a child takes aspirin after being exposed to chickenpox?
Reye syndrome
