Everything Else Flashcards by Rachel B

Which drug classification should not be taken with potassium-sparing diuretics?

ACE inhibitors

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What are side effects of glucocorticoids (4)?

Hypokalemia, impaired wound healing, hypertension, and peptic ulcer disease

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Which of the following medications would be used prophylactically in the treatment of migraine headaches?

A. Butorphanol
B. Maxalt
C. Propranolol
D. Sumatriptan

C. Propranolol (Inderal) is a prophylactic agent used to prevent migraine headaches. Butorphanol (Stadol), Maxalt, and sumatriptan (Imitrex) are agents used to abort migraine headaches.

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What is the study of the action of drugs within the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?

Pharmacokinetics

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used to prevent the development, proliferation, and growth of abnormal cells

antineoplastic agents (also known as cancer drugs)

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What is the purpose of antifungal agents?

to prevent the spread of fungus and eliminate it

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What type of agent prevents the growth of the bacteria but does not kill the bacteria?

bacteriostatic agent

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What type of agent kills bacteria?

bactericidal

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What side effect may result from taking thiazide diuretics?

hypokalemia (low potassium)

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What are 3 side effects of steroids?

Bruising, moon face, and weight gain

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What class of medication might contribute to PUD?

NSAIDS

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What unit of measurement is used to indicate the strength of heparin?

International Units

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What do International Units measure?

The activity of the substance

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Which generic medication is available as an OTC product to treat seasonal rhinitis?

Loratadine (Claritin)

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What is an OTC product used to treat peptic ulcer disease?

Maalox or Mylanta (aluminum hydroxide-magnesium hydroxide)

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What is a prescription medication used to treat seasonal respiratory allergies?

Allegra (fexofenadine)

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What is the process by which drug molecules leave the bloodstream and enter the body tissue called?

distribution

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What is the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream called?

absorption

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What is the process by which drugs are converted to other compounds called?

metabolism

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What is the removal of a drug from the body called?

excretion

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What is bioavailability?

the measurement of both the drug absorption and total amount of drug that reaches the systemic blood circulation. Bioavailability compares the amount of drug administered with how much actually reaches the site.

What does duration of action refer to?

the amount of time needed to obtain a therapeutic level before a therapeutic response is experienced

What does half-life refer to?

the amount of time necessary for half of the amount of the medication to be eliminated by the body

What does the Therapeutic index illustrate?

the minimum amount of medication required to obtain a response and the maximum amount of drug safe enough for the patient to take without experiencing toxicities

What medication is an antidote for an excess of warfarin?

phytonadione (Vitamin K)

What medication is an antidote for heparin and enoxaparin?

protamin sulfate

What classification of antidepressants needs to be washed out of the body before switching to another antidepressant?

MAOIs

``` Which of the following vaccines is used to treat hepatitis B? A. Attenuvax B. Havrix C. Meruvax D. Recombivax HB ```

Recombivax HB is used to treat hepatitis B

``` Which of the following vaccines is used to treat measles? A. Attenuvax B. Havrix C. Meruvax D. Recombivax HB ```

Attenuvax is used to treat measles

``` Which of the following vaccines is used to treat hepatitis A? A. Attenuvax B. Havrix C. Meruvax D. Recombivax HB ```

Havrix is used to treat hepatitis A

``` Which of the following vaccines is used to treat rubella? A. Attenuvax B. Havrix C. Meruvax D. Recombivax HB ```

Meruvax is used to treat rubella

What dosage form releases carbon dioxide when it comes in contact with a liquid such as water?

effervescent salts

``` Which of the following does not have anything in common with the three other medications? A. Levothyroxine B. Lithium C. Phenytoin D. Sertraline ```

D. Blood work tests must be performed on patients taking levothyroxine, lithium, or phenytoin to ensure that the patients are receiving the proper doses of medication.

What process occurs when a drug blocks the activity of metabolic enzymes in the liver?

inhibition

What term refers to the combined effects of 2 drugs?

additive effect

What term is used to describe "an effect that increases or prolongs the action of another drug, and the total effect is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug taken alone"?

potentiation

What process describes "the joint action of drugs in which their combined effect is more intense or longer in duration than the sum of their individual effects"?

synergism

Which gland influences water balance, body temperature, appetite, and emotions?

the hypothalamus

What is the goal of the hypothalamus?

to maintain homeostasis within the body

What drug classification is lorazepam in?

benzodiazepine

A patient is taking phenazopyridine. What color may his or her urine become?

orange

What is another name for a nonproprietary drug?

generic drug

What is the maximum number of refills allowed for a prescription of oxycodone + APAP if authorized by the prescriber?

0 - it is a C2 drug

What type of hypersensitivity reaction occurs when circulating antibodies of the IgG, IgM, or IgA class react with an antigen associated with a cell membrane?

Type 2

What type of (anaphylactic) reactions are produced when the antigen has stimulated the production of the antibody, which then becomes fixed to basophils and mast cells in the tissues?

Type 1

What type of (toxin-precipitin) reaction occurs when the precipitin complex is removed from the bloodstream by the reticuloendothelial cells in the spleen?

Type 3

What type of (cell-mediated hypersensitivity) reaction depends on the presence of T-cell lymphocytes that combine with the antigen?

Type 4

If an individual experiences a sudden loss of NA and H2O from the body, which of the following conditions may occur?

hypotension

What type of drug is dextromethorphan?

A nonopioid cough suppressant

``` Which of the following medications is not a leukotriene inhibitor used in the treatment of asthma? A. Cromolyn sodium B. Montelukast C. Zafirlukast D. Zileuton ```

A. cromolyn sodium (Intel or Nasacort)

What condition may result if a child takes aspirin after being exposed to chickenpox?

Reye syndrome