EVERYTHING AGGRESSION

Question 1

Distinction between proactive and reactive aggression

Answer 1

Proactive is ‘cold blooded’, a planned method of getting what you want

Reactive is ‘hot-blooded’, angry and impulsive and accompanied by psyhogical arousal

Question 2

What does the limbic system comprise of?

Answer 2

fornix, cingulate gyrus, hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus amygdalae

Question 3

AO1 key words for evolutinairy explnation of aggression

Answer 3

AO1 - Sexual jealously
- cuckoldory
- survival
- resources, investmnet
- Wilson and Daly (1996) male-retention strategies - direct guarding, negative inducements
- wilson et al (1995) reported that women who reported male retention strategies in their parterns were 2x as likely to have suffered physical violence
a01 - evaolutinaory explnation of bullying - survical

Question 4

Essay Plan for Outline and Evaluate the evolutionary explnation of aggression

Answer 4

ao1 - sexual jealously + male retention strategies identified by Wilson and Daly (1996)

ao1 - bullying volk et al 2012 - attractive to females

ao3 - correlational
ao3 - can explain differences between females and males
ao3 - cannot acc for cultural differences
ao3 - buss et al (2006) questionaire about hypothetical sexual infedility - mean more fearful

Question 5

According to Lea (1984), a fixed action pattern has what 6 main features

Answer 5

FAP is a series of pre-programmed behaviours triggered by an innate releasing mechanism

• ballistic
• stereotyped
• universal
• unaffected by learning
• a single purpose
• a response to an identifiable specific sign stimulus

Question 6

Essay Plan for ethological explanation of aggression

Answer 6

ao1 - aggression is adaptive for survival, adaptive to establish male dominance

ao1 - ritualitic aggression, IRMs, FAPs, Timbergen 1951 presented sticklebacks with a series of diff models with diff shapes, if red dot on underbelly, male stickleback would attack

ao3 - brunner et al 1993 - se - innate basis

ao3 - cultural differences - nisbett 1993 - north-south divide, killings more in south due to dif learnings

ao3 - hunt (1973) - fap’s are not fixed - influenced by env by indiviudal differneces

ao3 - green 1994 - all mamamilans have same bio brain strcture exceot for size and number of connections

Question 7

Essay plan for neural and hormonal explnations of aggression

Answer 7

Neural

AO1 - Limbic system -septal area, fornix, Gospic et al 2011 - amgydla ultimate game
a01 - seretonin normal levels in orbitofrontal cortex - stops firing eurons - control - dystrption

ao3 - sumer et al (2007) - 14 year old girl aggression + epileptic fits - MRI scan tumour against amgydala, once removed

ao3 - coccaro et al (2007) - ppl with p disorder with aggression reduced ofc works in conjuction with amgyfala, a not in isolation

ao3 - berman et al (2009) - placebo vs paroxetine - less intense shocks

ao1 - testosterone - dolan et al (2001) - sample 60 males in uk max prison - psychopathy

ao3 - nelson 1995 - increase androgens in m and f prisoners