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Meiosis > Everything About Meiosis > Flashcards

Everything About Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

Cells without specific instructions and can become any type of cell needed by the organism

A

Stem cells

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2
Q

What do stem cells get instructions from?

A

Protein switches

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3
Q

What are the things in the stem cell that give instructions to the stem cell

A

Protein switches

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4
Q

What happens in meiosis 1

A

Separation of homologus chromosomes

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5
Q

X=

A

Female

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6
Q

Y=

A

Male

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7
Q

How many chromosomes does each gamete carry

A

23

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8
Q

1 chromosome from each gamete is about…

A

The gender of the child

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9
Q

Chromosomes that are alike in length, placement of the centromere, and genetic info contained

A

Homologus chromosomes

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10
Q

The phase directly after fertilization

A

Interphase

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11
Q

The combining of DNA from x and the DNA from y

A

Fertilization

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12
Q

What happens on prophase 1

A

The sister chromatids from mom are attracted to the sister chromatids from dad

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13
Q

This is what enables a population to be healthy, have less chance of a defect passed on to the next generation.

A

Genetic diversity

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14
Q

This is when two homologus chromosomes from two parents wrap around each other and exchange information

A

Crossing over

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15
Q

What is the goal for meiosis

A

To make gamete

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16
Q

What happens in metaphase 1

A

Centrioles go to opostite sides of the cell and homologus chromosomes line up down the center of the cell

17
Q

What happens in anaphase 1

A

Centrioles put out spindle fibers which attach to individual centromeres, and the spindle fibers separate the homologus chromosome pairs and an equatorial plate forms

18
Q

What happens in telophase 1

A

The expanding cell separates into two daughter cells, each containing 23 sister chromatids
And the nuclear membrane reforms

19
Q

What happens right after the cell begins meiosis 2

A

The cell goes into interphase

20
Q

What happens in interphase 2

A

The two daughter cells gather energy by using metabolism

21
Q

What happens in prophase 2

A

The centrioles replicate
They make new spindle fibers
Nuclear membrane disappears in each cell

22
Q

What is the goal for meiosis 2

A

To make gamete

23
Q

What happens in metaphase 2

A

Sister chromatids line up down the center of the cell

24
Q

What happens in anaphase 2

A

Each cell stretches and an equatorial plate forms.

Chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

25
Q

What happens in telophase 2

A

4 daughter cells are formed
Nuclear membrane reforms
Chromosomes turn back into chromatin
Chromosomes move inside the membrane

26
Q

What are cells that have half the amount of chromosomes as a fertilized egg

A

Haploid cells

27
Q

A change In either a chromosome or in the meiosis process which can make a chromosome defective or different than the way it started.
Some are harmful, some aren’t

A

A mutation

28
Q

A loss of a piece of a chromosome due to chromosomal breakage

A

Deletion

29
Q

A chromosome mutation in which a chromosome segment breaks off and then reattaches in reverse to the same chromosome

A

Inversion

30
Q

When a chromosome piece breaks off and reattaches to another

A

Translocation

31
Q

The failure of a chromosome to separate from its pair during meiosis

A

Nondisjunction

32
Q

If the centromere is in the center of the chromosome it is…

A

Metacentric

33
Q

If the centromere is at the end of the chromosome it is…

A

Acrocentric

34
Q

If the centromere is between the end and the middle of the chromosome it is…

A

Submetacentric

35
Q

What are the two numerical mutations

A

Trisomy and monosomy

36
Q

What are the 4 structural mutations

A

Translocation
Inversion
Deletion
Duplication

37
Q

An organism with two different genotypes

A

Mosaic

38
Q

What is the process of staining chromosomes and viewing the using an oil immersion lens on a compound microscope

A

Karyotyping

Meiosis (1 decks)

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