Everything about DNA, Chromosomes and Genes Flashcards
What are gametes?
Gametes are the reproductive cells of an animal or plant.
Explain what happens to a gamete during fertilisation.
During fertilisation a sperm and an ovum will unite to form a new diploid organism.
What is a haploid cell?
A haploid cell is a cell containing a single set of chromosomes (23).
What is a diploid cell?
A diploid cell is a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes (46).
What is DNA?
DNA is the abbreviated word for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and growth of all known organisms and many viruses.
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are long DNA molecules that allow DNA to be accurately copied during cell division (mitosis and meiosis).
What are genes?
Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for building the molecules that make the body work.
What are the base pairs in DNA?
Adenine and Thymine
Guanine and cytosine
What is DNA made of?
DNA consists of base pairs (A + T and G + C), phosphates, and sugars.
What are chromosomes made of?
Proteins and DNA.
Where can you find DNA in the body?
DNA is found in the nucleus’ of every cell in your body.
Explain what the human genome is.
Human genomes are the entire sets of DNA instructions found in each cell (23 pairs or 46 chromosomes).
Give a brief description of the DNA structure.
DNA has a double helix structure which looks like a twisted ladder. Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.
Explain the importance of the DNA making copies of itself.
Cells must replicate their DNA before they can divide. This ensures that each daughter cell gets a copy of the genome, and therefore, successful inheritance of genetic traits.
What is mutation?
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
