Everything Flashcards
1
Q
What is an embedded system?
A
Any computer system hidden in a product other than a computer.
2
Q
What is a telegraph?
A
A device that allows you to connect a printer that has only a high-speed serial-port to a network.
3
Q
Typical hardware needs foremost a _________.
A
microprocessor
4
Q
Why does an embedded system need memory?
A
To store its program and to store its data.
5
Q
Are the program and data stored in the same memory in embedded systems?
A
No, they use different memories.
6
Q
What are some of the difficulties that you will encounter when you write embedded system software?
A
Throughput Response Testability Debugability Reliability Memory Space Program Installation Power Consumption Processor Hogs Cost
7
Q
What is an example of an insulator?
A
Usually the outer covering of a wire
8
Q
What is an example of a conductor?
A
Usually the wire itself
9
Q
What is a semi-conductor?
A
Can either act as an insulator or a conductor
10
Q
When silicon is dopped with Boron, it makes a(n) __-____ material and has 1 ______ electron in its outer shell
A
p-type fewer
11
Q
When silicon is dopped with Phosphorus, it make a(n) __-_____ material and has 1 _____ electron in its outer shell
A
n-type more
12
Q
Is there flow or no flow?
A
Flow
13
Q
Is there flow or no flow?
A
No Flow
14
Q
These are examples of:
A
Transistors
15
Q
What are the two types of transistors?
A
p-type and n-type
16
Q
True or false? n-type transistor is off by default?
A
True
gate = 1, connection gate = 0, no connection
17
Q
True or false? In an n-type of transistor, if the gate has 0 voltage (logic 0), then there is no connection.
A
True
18
Q
What type of transistor is this?
A
n-type
19
Q
What type of transistor is this?
A
p-type
20
Q
True or false? The p-type transistor is off by default
A
False. It’s on by default
gate = 0, connection gate = 1, no connection
21
Q
This is an example of a ____ gate.
A
not gate or inverter
22
Q
These two gates are examples of
A
Buffer gate
23
Q
What does a buffer do?
A
It corrects the signal. For example, takes 4.2 volts and outputs a logic 1.
24
Q
What does mos stand for?
A
metal oxide semiconductor
25
What are the two types of semiconductors?
nmos and pmos
26
nmos does a good job passing along logic __ while pmos does a good job passing along logic \_\_.
0
1
27
What is a complimentary mos (cmos)?
When pmos and nmos work together
28
Write the truth table for the following circuit
29
What type of gate is this?
nor gate
30
True or false? With a nand gate, we can make any logic function.
True
31
What type of gate is this?
nand gate
32
An inverter followed by an inverter is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
buffer
33
True or false? A 3 input and gate and two 2 input and gates can do the same thing.
True
34
What type of gate is this?
An inverter using a nand gate
35
What type of gate is this?
AND gate using two nand gates
36
What type of gate is this?
A NAND gate using an OR gate and two inverters
37
Most typical electronic circuits today are built with semiconductor parts called ______ that are purchased from manufacturers specializing in building such parts.
chips
38
To attach the semiconductor to the outside world, each package has a collection of _____ that protrude from the sides of the package.
pins
39
Chip manufacturers provide information about each of their products in documents called _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_.
data sheets
40
What is the most common mechanism to connect the chips to one another?
Through a printed circuit board or board.
41
What are schematic diagrams?
Drawings that show each part needed in the circuit and the interconnections needed among them.
42
Most careful engineers will give a special name to each signal that is asserted when it is low by starting or ending the name with an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, ending the name with a \_\_\_\_\_\_, or by putting the bar over the name.
asterick \*
slash /
For example, MEMREAD/ or \*MEMREAD would most likely by a signal that is set low to read from memory.
43
Chips have connections through which they expect to control the voltage level on the attached signal, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and other connections through which they expect to sense the voltage level on the attached signal, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Outputs
inputs
44
The part whose output controls the voltage on a give signal is said to _____ the signal.
drive
45
If no part is driving the signal, it is said to be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Its voltage will be inderterminate and may change as time passes.
floating
46
Describe a bus fight.
If two parts drive the same signal, but one sends a low signal while the other sends high. The result usually destroys the parts. Parts get really hot.
47
True or False? An integer's value in one language may differ from an integer's value in another language.
True
48
Give an example of how to name an integer 'something' using the Hungarian naming convention.
iSomething
49
When talking about speed, what three things are we referring to?
Throughput
Response
Processor lags
50
Define robustness
Testable
Reliable
Debuggable
51
Define the characteristics of system design
Power
Memory
Cost
Software
52
Describe what's happening in this diagram. What is this?
It's a tristate buffer. When the control bit is set to 1, the input is pushed through to the output. i.e. if input is 0, ouput is 0. If input is 1, output is 1.
If the tristate buffer is set to 0, we get a Z (high impedence) as the output, which means that very little current passes through.
53
Show a tristate buffer that works on the complement of the control signal.
54
This is an example of a \_\_\_\_\_.
bus
55
What is packaging referring to?
The plastic or ceramic that encases integrated circuits
56
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are metal legs that allow for connections to input/output.
Pins
57
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are designs that show parts and their connections
Schematics
58
What does 'asserted' mean?
Signaling whatever it's supposed to signal
59
True or False? You can assert a logic 1 into a 0, and 0 to 1.
True
60
What do the forward slash and asterisk mean in the following examples?
MINREAD/
\*M
M\*
Asserted Low
61
To _____ a value on a signal means that you're giving it a definite measurable value.
drive
62
In a _____ source, the voltage signal is not connected to any absolute reference or any common ground, such as earth or building ground
floating
63
What is the result of a bus fight?
Crowbar
64
Pull-\_\_\_ resistor is connected to logic 1
Pull-\_\_\_\_ resistor is connected to logic 0
Pull-up
Pull-down
65
The _____ helps with timing in a circuit and we base everything on the rising (0 to 1) or falling edge (1 to 0)
Clock
66
What is propagation?
Timing consideration.
67
What is the critical path?
The longest path in a circuit
68
What does a D-Flip Flop look like?
69
In a D-flip flop, when the clock has a ______ edge, D will be brought in and output to Q.
Rising
70
What's the truth table for an SR Flip Flop?
71
What's the truth table for a JK flip flop?
72
What's the truth table for a toggle?
73
\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_ is the amount of data you'll take in as a unit
Word-size
74
Nintendo 64 worked with ___ bits
64
75
Show Q for the following input
76
What does volatile mean?
If power loss, whatever is in RAM in now gone
77
What type of memory is ROM?
Non-Volatile. Can't change regardless of power outage.
78
True or False? Flash memory is non-volatile but some things you can change.
True
79
\_\_\_\_\_ is where your program and OS will be stored.
ROM
80
\_\_\_\_\_ ______ lets the chip know that you are talking to it.
Chip enable (CE)
81
Chip and Read enable are active \_\_\_.
low
82
If CE and RE are not both 0, then the chip will not output something to the ____ line.
data
83
What is PROM and show an example.
PROM is programable ROM. It's programable once.
84
What is EPROM?
Erasable Programable ROM. You can erase it with UV light for example.
85
What is EEPROM?
Electronically Erasable Programable ROM. For example, with a burner.
86
True or False? RAM is fast for reading/writing.
True
87
What type of ram requires refresh?
Dynamic RAM. Has to be refreshed periodically (i.e. 10 times/second). Static RAM (D-Flip-Flop) does not require refresh and retains the value until power loss.
88
What do address lines specify?
Where in memory you have the word you want to read/write
89
Realistically, there are ___ to ___ address lines and ___ to \_\_\_+ data lines.
16 to 64 address lines
8 to 64+ data lines
90
What do the following lines make up?
Address | Data | Read/ | Write/ | Clock
They form a bus
91
Why would you need two clocks?
You can have different clocks, if you have fast parts, you can have a fast clock and for the slower parts, a slower clock.
92
In the following drawing, what do MSB and LSB signify?
Most Significant Bit
Least Significant Bit
93
You need ___ address lines for 32k memory and ____ address lines for 16k memory.
15
14
94
Draw a diagram for accessing the 4 types of memories. Remember, active low.
95
True or false? The CPU doesn't know the difference between one big memory chip and 4 small memory chips.
True
96
What does stroking mean?
Pulsing a signal for a short time.
97
What's the difference between a microcontroller and a microprocessor?
Microcontroller is usually less capable than a microprocessor. Arudino is a microcontroller while a Raspberry Pi is a microprocessor.
98
The number of lines a microprocessor can access is limited by the number of _____ lines.
address
99
What is memory mapping?
When devices appear to be memory. For example, replacing a memory chip with an IO device.
100
What is the I/O address space?
A way for the CPU to interact with the I/O devices.
101
The ____ is in charge of timing.
CPU
102
What is bus handshaking?
Process of CPU communicating with the memory or other devices
103
True or false? There doesn't have to be handshaking.
True. When other devices are fast enough to keep up
104
\_\_\_\_ _____ is when the CPU waits automatically. Time it waits is up to the \_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_ generator.
Wait state
105
Serial ports send ___ bit of data per time. Parallel ports send ____ pieces of data at a time
one
multiple
106
\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_ access lets I/O devices talk directly to the RAM
Direct-Memory Access
