Everything Flashcards
Name all 12 habits of a critical thinker
Persistance, tentativeness, metacognition, striving for accuracy, healthy skepticism, applying past knowledge to new situations, thinking and communicating with clarity and precision, creating imagining innovating, taking responsible risks, thinking interdependently, open Mindedness, humor
What is an example of metacognition?
Annotating while reading
What is the difference between healthy skepticism and tentativeness?
Healthy skepticism has to do with natural instinct to protect my own interest, questioning and posing problems. Tentativeness has to do with managing impulsivity, Being hesitant
An issue…
The question, different from topic, starts with is should or whether
Types of issues
Factual true or false, value good or bad, policy involves taking action
Conclusions
Positions people take on issues their claims, viewpoints, opinions, stands. Thesis statement
Reasons
Justifications, premises says, support similar but different than evidence reasons do not proof
Logos
Rational appeal logical argument an appropriate evidence specific evidence Clearpoint credible sources, Deductive/inductive reasoning
Pathos
Emotional word usage, connection to audience from author vivid descriptions
Ethos
Ethical credibility of author qualified to be making argument competent
Competence versus character
Competence is how the audience regards the speakers intelligence expertise and knowledge of the subject, character is how it audience regards a speakers sincerity trust worthiness and concern for the well-being of the audience
Value Assumptions
Believes about what is good and important that form the basis of conclusions on issues, The way the world ought to be, Form lots of arguments
Reality assumptions
What we believe to be true and factual about the world, When our arguments have wrong assumptions that they are based on the argument is faulty
Ethics
Well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do usually in terms of rights obligations of benefits to society fairness Or specific virtues. Refers to the study and development of ones own ethical standards and the necessity to constantly examines one standards to ensure they are reasonable and well-founded
Persistence
Working hard, keep trying, looking at something from different angles
Tentativeness
Managing impulsivity
Striving for accuracy
Rowing, best way to stroke, best way to go fastest
Healthy skepticism
In man in truck offers you candy, say no
Applying past knowledge
Tests
Thinking and communicating with clarity and precision
Concise language to communicate points public speaking
Creating imagining innovating
Paddle falls and water think of new way to row
Taking responsible risks
Choosing major in college
Thinking interdependently
Group project using everyone’s ideas
Open-mindedness
Being willing to see all perspective to understand the situation
Humor
Lighter mood more emotion thinking more clearly
Inductive reasoning
Described as moving from the specific to the general
Inductive reasoning correctly
Accurate and comprehensive previous observations, strong causal between a and b similar situations
Deductive reasoning
Duction begins with general and and then specific, Are humans based on laws rules or other widely accepted principles are best expressed deductively
Syllogism
Formal pattern of reasoning consisting of major and minor premise and conclusion
Universal catigorical
All a’s are b’s (major)
M is an a (minor)
Therefore m Is a b (conclusion)
Conditional hypothetical
If then statement. conditional statement that asserts that if the first part is true the antecedent then the second part is also true consequent
If a then b (major)
A (minor)
B(conclusion)
Affirming the antecedent
It’s a then B major
A minor
B conclusion
Denying the consequent
It’s a then B major
Not b minor
Not a conclusion
