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Rocks And Stratigraphy > Everything > Flashcards

Everything Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main rock types?

A

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

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2
Q

How do extrusive igneous rocks form?

A

Extrusive igneous rocks form no crystals in the rock, meaning they have cooled very quickly once the magma has reached the Earth’s surface

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3
Q

How do intrusive igneous rocks form?

A

Intrusive igneous rocks form many crystals, meaning the magma has cooled very slowly and deeply into the Earth

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4
Q

Where are sédiments deposited?

A

Sea floors, rivers and lakes

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5
Q

How are sédiments transported?

A

By water, ice and wind

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6
Q

What can sédiments that form sedimentary rocks be eroded from?

A

Sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic rocks

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7
Q

Why do metamorphic rocks have deformed layers?

A

Due to the extreme heat and pressure used to meld the rock

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8
Q

What is the rock cycle?

A

A set of processes which convert rocks of one type into another type, of convert rock into sediment and back into rock again

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9
Q

Where can fossils form?

A

Only in sedimentary rock

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10
Q

How are fossils formed?

A

When an organism falls into mud when it dies

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11
Q

What is mechanical weathering?

A

The physical breaking down of a rock with no chemical components

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12
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

The breaking of bonds through water, which chemically interacts with lattice in the minerals

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13
Q

What is sedimentation?

A

When sediment settles at the bottom of the ocean

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14
Q

What is compaction?

A

When sediment begins to compact due to the pressure above it

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15
Q

What is cementation?

A

When compaction eventually forms new rock

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16
Q

What are the two main processes of fossilisation?

A

Permineralization and replacement

17
Q

What are trace fossils?

A

Indicators and clues of fossil behaviour such as footprints, burrows and bite marks

18
Q

What is a body fossil?

A

Any part of an organisms body such as plates, bones or teeth

19
Q

What is pressure?

A

Force applied to a given surface which can be increased by increasing the force or decreasing the area

20
Q

What is the standard unit of pressure?

A

Pascal (Pa)

21
Q

What is air pressure at sea level?

A

101.3 kPa

22
Q

What is air pressure underground?

A

25000 kPa

23
Q

What is metamorphic rock?

A

A rock that undergoes change through exposure to extreme heat or pressure

24
Q

What is contact metamorphism caused by?

A

Extreme heat

25
Q

What is regional metamorphism caused by?

A

Extreme pressure

26
Q

What are the seven principles of stratigraphy?

A

Uniformitarianism, intrusive relationships, cross-cutting relationships, inclusion and components, original horizontality, superposition and faunal succession

27
Q

What is superposition?

A

A principle of geology that states layers further down into rock strata are older than rocks further up

28
Q

What are cross-cutting relationships?

A

A principle of geology that states the geologic feature that cuts another is the younger of the two features

29
Q

How does the rock cycle begin?

A

When magma reaches the surface of the Earth and erupts from volcanoes as lava, which form igneous rocks

30
Q

What is the second stage of the rock cycle?

A

Igneous rocks go through the processes of erosion, weathering, transport and deposition before forming sédiments

31
Q

What is the third stage of the rock cycle?

A

Sédiments go through compaction and cementation before forming sedimentary rock

32
Q

What is the fourth stage of the rock cycle?

A

Sedimentary rock goes through high pressure, high heat and burial before forming metamorphic rock

33
Q

What is the final stage of the rock cycle?

A

Metamorphic rock melts to form magma

34
Q

Why are diamonds so hard?

A

Because all their atoms are of an equal distance apart, making them very rigid and giving them a 10 on the Mohs Hardness Scale

Rocks And Stratigraphy (1 decks)

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