Everything Flashcards
Fossa in pelvis that femur articulates with
Acetabulum
Connection of ischium and pubis bones
Make infrapubic arch
Ischiopubic ramus
Joint between left and right pubis bones
Pubic symphysis
What nerve innervates respiratory diaphragm
Phrenic (C3-C5)
What perforates the respiratory diaphragm? Where?
Inferior vena cava T8
Esophagus T10
Aorta T12
Each has its own hiatus
Which muscles help with forced inhalation
Serratus posterior superior
External intercostals
Which muscles help with forced exhalation
Internal intercostals Innermost intercostals Transversus thoracis Abdominals Serratus posterior inferior
Muscle that originates at interior sternum and inserts on the ribs
Helps with forced exhalation
Transversus thoracis
What is the name of the line that divides the abdomen (muscles)
Arcuate line
What passes through the inguinal canal
Men - spermatic cord
Women - round ligament of uterus
Layers of abdomen superior - inferior
External oblique Internal oblique Rectus abdominis/ transversus abdominis Transversalis fascia Peritoneum
Which muscle does the superficial inguinal ring perforate
External oblique
Which muscle does the deep inguinal ring perforate
Transversus abdominis
What makes up the largest part of the pelvic diaphragm
What are it’s functions
Levator ani
Supports pelvic viscera, continence
What are the boundaries of the peritoneum
Pubic symphysis
Ischial tuberosity (either side)
Coccyx
What position are you in at the gyno
Lithotomy
What oversees the autonomic nervous system
Hypothalamus
What’s another name for the sympathetic autonomic division
Thoracolumbar
Where in the spinal cord in the sympathetic division
T1-L2
Which neurotransmitter do sympathetic postsynaptic neurons release
Norepinephrine
Describe the path of sympathetic nerves from spinal cord to target
Presynaptic Cell body in lateral horn
Presynaptic axon travels through anterior (ventral) root - communicating rami - sympathetic chain ganglia
Postsynaptic cell body in sympathetic chain ganglia
If target in body cavity - splachnic nerve
If target in skin/extremeties - communicating rami - spinal nerves
Effect of sympathetic nervous system on body
Increase sebaceous glands Decrease lacrimal gland Decrease salivary glands Dilate bronchioles Increase heart rate Decrease peristalsis Relax detrusor/muscular wall of rectum; construct sphincters Secretion of norepinephrine/epinephrine from adrenal medulla (chromaffin cells) Ejaculation
Where is the parasympathetic division in the spinal cord
Brain stem - cranial nerves
S2-S4
Cranio-sacral
Superior mediastinum
Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk - arteries
Aortic arch
Superior vena cava - brachiocephalic veins
Trachea - primary bronchi
Esophagus
Vagus nerve
Middle mediastinum
Contents of pericardial sac
Roots of great vessels
Anterior mediastinum
Some fat
Posterior mediastinum
Descending aorta Esophagus Vagus nerve Azygous venous system Thoracic duct
How does the vagus nerve travel through the neck/thorax
More medial than phrenic nerve
Right and left side travels down neck - dives posterior to root of lung
Surrounds esophagus - esophageal plexus
Splits again into anterior/posterior vagal trunks
Foramen ovale turns into…
Fossa ovalis
Ductus arteriosus turns into…
Ligamentum arteriosum
Vestigial structure that directed blood toward foramen ovale in fetal circulation
Eustachian valve
Muscle fibers of atria
Pectinate muscle
Muscle fibers of ventricles
Trabecular carenae
Patent foramen ovale
Atrial septal defect
RA - LA
Low energy
Patent ductus arteriosus
Blood can be exchanged between aorta and pulmonary trunk (A to PT favored)
Low energy
Aortic coarctation
Narrowing of aorta right below/above ductus arteriosus
Blood can’t reach thoracic aorta
Intercostal arteries enlarge to bypass constriction to get blood to aorta (left subclavian - internal thoracic - intercostals - thoracic aorta)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Congenital Stenosis of pulmonary trunk - obstructed RV hypertrophy Interventricular septal defect Increased flow to aorta Neonatal cyanosis
Cardiac conduction system
Sinoatrial node Internodal pathway - atria Atrioventricular node Atrioventricular bundle (His) Atrioventricular branches (L/R) Subendocardial branches (Purkinje fibers)
Internal thoracic artery
Branches from left subclavian artery
Runs along sternum
Branches into anterior/posterior intercostal arteries
Celiac trunk artery
Branches from abdominal aorta inferior to hepatogastric ligament/liver, superior to stomach
Branches into left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries
Short
Common hepatic artery
Branches off of celiac trunk to the right towards the liver
Branches into proper hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery
Left gastric artery
Most lateral branch off celiac trunk (left)
Brings blood to half of lesser curvature of stomach
Splenic artery
Middle branch off of celiac trunk
Goes to spleen, pancreas
Branches into left gastro-omental artery
Left gastro-omental artery
Branches from splenic artery
Supplies left side of greater curvature of stomach
Proper hepatic artery
Branch off of common hepatic artery
Branches into cystic, right/left hepatic, and right gastric arteries
Gastroduodenal artery
Branches off of common hepatic artery
Dives deep to the pyloris of stomach and branches into right gastro-omental artery
Right gastric artery
Branches off of proper hepatic artery
Supplies right side of lesser curvature of stomach
Right gastro-omental artery
Branches off of gastroduodental artery
Supplies right side of greater curvature of stomach and duodenum
Cystic artery
Branches off of proper hepatic artery
Supplies gall bladder
Left/right hepatic artery
Branches from proper hepatic artery Supply liver (R/L lobes)
Superior mesenteric artery
Branches off of abdominal aorta just inferior to celiac trunk
Branches into middle colic, ileo-colic, right colic, intestinal arteries
Middle colic artery
Branches from superior mesenteric artery (most superior, to right)
Supplies transverse colon
Right colic artery
Branches off of superior mesenteric (middle, right)
Supplies ascending colon
Ileo-colic artery
Most inferior branch of superior mesenteric
Supplies ileocolic junction
Intestinal arteries (branches)
Branch off of the superior mesenteric artery (left)
Supply small intestine
Inferior mesenteric artery
Branches off of abdominal aorta just above bifurcation into common iliac arteries
Branches into left colic, sigmoid branches, superior rectal arteries
Left colic artery
Branches off of inferior mesenteric artery (most superior)
Supplies descending colon
Sigmoid arteries (branches)
TWO branches off of inferior mesenteric artery
Supplies sigmoid colon
Superior rectal artery
Branches off of inferior mesenteric (most inferior)
Supplies rectum
