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Everything Flashcards

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1
Q

Mayflower compact

A

Document by pilgrims of mayflower in 1620 to declare self governance

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2
Q

Idea of America

A 
Individualism
Popular sovereignty
Equality of opportunity
Freedom of religion
Economic liberty
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3
Q

Government

A

Procedures and institutions by which a people govern and rule themselves and through which binding decisions are made for a society

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4
Q

Politics

A

Process in which decisions are made and carried out

Process by which ppl decide who shall govern and what policies shall be adopted

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5
Q

Politicians

A

People who oversee and direct the government

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6
Q

Political science

A

Study of principles and structure of government and analyze political ideas and behaviors

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7
Q

Constitutional democracy

A

Government that enforcers recognized limits on those who govern and allows the voice of the people to be heard through free, fair, and relatively frequent elections

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8
Q

Social contract

A

Agreement where individuals voluntarily commit to establish a government that will protect the common interests of all

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9
Q

Government Of By and For

A

Of- the people govern
By- people are engaged in self government
For- aims should be guided by what is good for the people

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10
Q

Democracy

A

Government by the people, directly or indirectly, with free and frequent elections

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11
Q

US Government in general:

A

Smooth transition of power

People want

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12
Q

Why has US succeeded?

A

Citizens live their country, revere the constitution, and respect the free enterprise system
There is debate, compromise and free elections

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13
Q

What does government by the people require?

A 
Faith in humans
Trust in self government
Optimism & skepticism
Healthy debate
Smooth transition of power
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14
Q

Direct democracy

A

Government by which citizens vote on laws and select officials directly
-America combines representative and direct e.g. direct primary, initiative, referendum, recall

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15
Q

Direct primary

A

Election by which voters choose party nominees

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16
Q

Initiative

A

Procedure whereby certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voters

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17
Q

Referendum

A

Procedure for submitting to popular vote measures passed by the legislature or proposed amendments to a state constitution

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18
Q

Recall

A

Procedure for submitting to popular vote the removal of officials from office e before the end of their term

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19
Q

Representative democracy

A

Government where people elect those who govern and pass laws

Also “republic”

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20
Q

Constitutionalism

A 
Set of arrangements including
   Checks and balances
   Federalism
   Separation of powers
   Rule of law
   Due process
   Bill of rights
That hold leaders politically and legally accountable for how they exercise their powers
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21
Q

Natural rights

A

Rights of all people to dignity and worth

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22
Q

Political cultures

A

Widely shared beliefs, values, and norms citizens hold about their relationship to government and to one another

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23
Q

Statism

A

Idea that the rights of the nation are supreme over the rights of the individuals who make up the nation

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24
Q

American Dream

A

Complex set of ideas that holds that the United States is a land of opportunity where individual initiative and hard work can ring economic success

25
Q

Values of democracy

A 
Personal liberty
Individualism
Equality
Opportunity + American Dream
Popular sovereignty
26
Q

Personal liberty

A

Freedom and self determination: all individuals have the opportunity to repair their own goals
Freedom FROM and TO DO

27
Q

Individualism

A

Individuals have rights, which are more important than the group rights
Rights are source of all legit government authority and power

28
Q

Equality

A

All are equal and have the same rights and equal opportunity

29
Q

Popular socereignity

A

Ultimate political authority rests with the people

Just government must derive powers from people

30
Q

Political processes

A 
Free and fair elections
Majority and plurality rule
Freedom of expression
Right to assemble and protest
Justice and rule of law
31
Q

Majority

A

More than half votes to win

32
Q

Plurality

A

Most votes to win, even if it’s not half

33
Q

Rule of law

A

Generality: laws stated generally and not single out anyone
Prospectivity: laws apply to present and future, not punish for the past
Publicity: laws cannot be kept secret then enforced
Authority: valid laws made by those with legit power from popular consent
Due process: laws enforced impartially with fair processes

34
Q

Political structures

A 
Constitution
Bill of rights
Political parties
Interest groups
Media etc.
35
Q

Conditions favorable for constitutional democracy

A 
Educated citizenry
Relatively prosperous nation
Proper social conditions (not factioned)
Democratic consensus (agree ideologically about governmental structure)
Stability
36
Q

Theocracy

A

Government by religious leaders who claim divine guidance

37
Q

Articles of confederation

A

First governing document of the United States in 1781, central government during war, not strong, no judiciary, executive or national currency, no direct authority over citizens, no taxes, regulating trade
States still supreme

38
Q

Annapolis convention

A

Convention in 1786 by only 5 states to address interstate trade and navigation issues> led to constitutional convention

39
Q

Constitutional convention 1787

A

States appointed delegates, all important, upper class, week read, white males
Decided to write new, stronger constitution that needed 3/4 to ratify rather than unanimous
Had three branches and bicameralism

40
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Initial proposal by VA for strong central government with bicameral legislature based on state size

41
Q

New Jersey plan

A

Proposal by smaller states for single house legislature where each state represented equally

42
Q

Connecticut compromise

A

Bicameral legislature with one house equal, and one proportional to size
Also included 3/5 rule

43
Q

Electoral college

A

System used to elect president and Vice President, where voters oye for electors pledges to cast ballot for a particular party’s candidates

44
Q

Federalists v Antifederalists

A

Feds supported ratification of constitution, anti feds did not
“Federalist” by Madison, Hamilton and Jay was paper that promoted ratification with political thinking and reasoning and explanation

45
Q

Constitutional Foundation

A 
Short and lacks specificity: skeleton
Adaptable and flexible
Natural Law: natures law defining right from wrong- higher than human law
Symbol of unity and loyalty
Gives government power and limits
46
Q

Checks on government

A 
Competing interests
Elections, petitions, protests, amendments
Federalism
Separation of powers
Checks and balances
Each branch is independent
Differing election times
47
Q

Autocracy

A

Type of government where one person with unlimited power rules

48
Q

Partisanship

A

Strong allegiance to ones own political party, often leading to unwillingness to compromise with members of the opposing party

49
Q

Divided government

A

Governance divided between the parties, especially when one holds the presidency and the other controls one or both houses of Congress

50
Q

Unified government

A

Governance in which one party controls both the winger Jody and both houses of Congress

51
Q

17th amendment

A

Direct election of senators by the people

52
Q

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

A

Established judicial review
Jefferson refused to deliver commissions to judges after Adams packed the courts> marbury went to courts to issue “writ of mandamus”
Marshall said marbury was entitled to commissions and Madison should have delivered it, but the writ went against the constitution because it wasn’t under their OG jurisdiction, so he couldn’t issue a writ and that section was unconstitutional

53
Q

Judicial review

A

Power of a court to review laws or governmental regulations to determine whether they are consistent with the constitution

54
Q

Writ of mandamus

A

Court order directing an official to perform an official duty

55
Q

Congressional elaboration

A

Congressional legislation that gives further meaning for the constitution based on sometimes vague constitutional authority, such as necessary and proper clause

56
Q

Originality approach

A

Approach to constitutional interpretation that envisions the document document as having a fixed meaning that might be determined by a strict reading of the text or the framers intent

57
Q

Adaptive approach

A

Method used to interpret the constitution that understands the document to be flexible and responsive to changing needs of the times

58
Q

How to change the constitution

A

Need 2/3 of Congress or convention called by request of 2/3 of states to propose amendments
Need approval by 3/4 of state legislatures or 3/4 of special state conventions to ratify
Can’t unratify except by new amendment
Must be ratified within “reasonable amount of time” aka 7 years

AP US Gov (1 decks)

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