Everything Flashcards
Arteries
Carry blood away from heart to tissues
Thick elastic wall as blood is pumped through them at high pressure in surges
Surges are called heartbeats
Pressure decrease as distance from heart increases blood passes through small vessels called arterioles
3 layers
-endothelium muscles
-involuntary muscle
Tough fibrous tissue
Veins
Carry bloody from tissues back to heart
Thinner walls and less elastic as pressure des reads as blood gets closer
The contraction and relaxation of muscles assists the blood to stream back sterile to the heart
Valves prevent the blood from flowing back the wrong way against a force of gravity
Gravity affects blood flow, blood above the heart flows easily
Aorta
Myocardium walls
A- carries blood from the left ventricles to the systemic circuit around body
MW- have different thicknesses depending on the pressure that are under e.h atrium walls are thinner because it’s easier to push blood into the ventricles
Systemic system
Pumps blood from the left side of the heart to all body tissues and then back to the right side
Oxygenated blood then enters the left atrium via 4 pulmonary veins. The blood flows into the left ventricle, pumped up through the aorta and out to the upper and lower body
Circulatory system
Consists of
Heart
Blood
Blood vessels
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells
Removes waste from cells
Maintains the balance of water in the body
Golgi complex
Packages and synthesised proteins for secretion in conjunction with endoplasmic reticulum: forms lysosomes; secretes lipids: synthesis carbohydrates with proteins to form glyco proteins for secretion
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Contributes to mechanical support conducts intercellular nerve impulses muscles
Flagella and Cilia
Allows movement of entire cell (flagella) or movement of particles along the surface of the cell (cilia)
Pulmonary circuit
Circulates blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart
Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium via 3 veins superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus, flows into right ventricle which pumps it to the lungs via left and right pulmonary arteries in the lungs co2 is reales and o2 is picked up
Capillaries
A very small network of vessels feeds muscles, joints, tissues and organs in clusters
One cell wide
Lie between arterioles and venules, connecting both systems
Semipermeable membranes where o2, co2 and nutrients are exchanged between blood and cells of the body
Atrium Ventricle Septum Vena Cava Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein
A-receiving chamber of the heart
V- propulsion chamber of heart
S- separates two ventricles and two atrium
VC- returns blood from the systemic system to the right atrium
PA- carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs via circulatory system
PV- carries blood from lungs to left atrium
Lysosomes
Digest substances and foreign microbes, may be involved in bone removal
Plasma membrane
Protects cellar contents: makes contact with other cells: provides receptors for hormones, enzymes and antibodies: meditates the entrance and exit of materials.
Microtubules
Form part of cytoskeleton provide support and shape form intracellular conducting channels assist in cellular movement form the structure flagella cilia centrioles and spindle fibres
Heart sounds
2 sounds accompany blood movement
1 spurt by ventricular contraction (systole)
The AV valves shut quickly, this closer makes the 1st sound
2nd sound occurs as the ventricle relaxes (diastole) the atria fills
