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Grade 10 Science Exam Review > Everything > Flashcards

Everything Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Weather

A

environmental conditions such as wind pressure, temp, amount of precipitation, etc. in a specific place at a specific time

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2
Q

Climate

A

characteristic patterns of weather conditions within a region including average temp, precipitation, wind velocity and other conditions over a long period of time.

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3
Q

Eccentricity

A

the fluctuation of the earths orbit around the sun due to the gravitational pull to other planets. ovr a cycle of 100000 years the earths orbit changes from circular to elliptical.

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4
Q

Tectonic plates

A

composes the lithosphere. massive sections of solid rock. every year the plates move a few centimetres. this causes changes in land and water masses which in turn affects air and water circulation. changes in air and water circulation affect weather patterns.

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5
Q

lithosphere

A

The earth solid crust

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6
Q

Hydrosphere

A

all the water on the earths surface

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7
Q

Layers of the atmosphere

A

5 layers. troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. weather in troposphere and lower stratosphere

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8
Q

Wobble

A

The earth isnt a perfect sphere, so it wobbles on its axis

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9
Q

Tilt

A

the tilt of the earth on its axis changes by approximately 2.4 degrees over a period of 41000 years. the greather the tilt the bigger the difference between summer and winter

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10
Q

Heat Resevoirs

A

water stores more heat than water, water has a large specific heat capacity. therefore water heats up slowly and releases heat slowly. water is a buffer to temperature change in the environment. Land masses near big bodies of water are warmer in the winter than more inland areas.

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11
Q

Anthropogenic greenhouse effect

A

the increase in global average temp, as a result of an increase in greenhouse gases due to human activities.

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12
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

the process by which gases build up thermal energy in the atmosphere by absorbing infrared radiation from the earths surface.

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13
Q

global warming

A

the rise in average worldwide temps.

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14
Q

Radiation

A

transfer of energy including thermal energy as electromagnetic radiation. this energy can travel through a vacuum. it can be absorbed, reflected, or refracted.

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15
Q

Convection

A

the transfer of thermal energy by highly energized molecules moving from one place to another. this movement can occur in liquids and gases but not solids.

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16
Q

Conduction

A

the transfer of thermal energy between 2 objects that are in direct physical contact. thermal energy always moves from a region of higher temp region to a region of lower temp.

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17
Q

Albedo

A

the objects ability to reflect light

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18
Q

CFC’s

A

a human made compound that contains chlorine, fluorine and carbon. when released into atmosphere it can cause depletion of the ozone layer.

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19
Q

Thermohaline circulation

A

continuous flow of water around the worlds oceans driven by differences in water temps, salinity, and the wind.

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20
Q

Biome

A

largest division of biosphere, includes large regions that have similar biotic features and similar biotic components such as rainfall and temp.

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21
Q

ecozone

A

a division of earths surface that has developed over a long period of time and is separated from neighbouring ecozones by a geological feature such as a mountain range, or ocean

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22
Q

ecoregion

A

a subdivision of an ecozone that is characterised by landforms such as plains, lakes mountain and rivers

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23
Q

Natural greenhouse gases

A

water vapour, co2 methane, nitrous oxide an dozone

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24
Q

man made greenhouse gases

A

CFC’s release of excess co2 due to excess burning of fossil fuels.

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25
Q

How climate affects main fisheries

A

fish is 40 percent of trade. climate change affects the variety of fish and marine life. numbers of cold water fish are declining because of warmer waters.

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26
Q

how climate affects deforestation

A

rising temps increase risk of forest fires. burning of forests quickly releases co2 and trees are a natural sink forco2

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27
Q

how climate affects rising sea levels

A

reduces the amount of coastal land. causing loss of life and agriculture

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28
Q

how climate affects decreasing crop yeilds

A

crops do well when temps are between 10 and 30 degrees. when they are over 30 they wilt and evaporate and die

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29
Q

how climate affects water conflicts

A

changes in precip will make the demand for water higher than the supply in some areas. higher temps make more water evaporate. some countries depend on water from glaciers, and they are rapidly declining.

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30
Q

how climate makes a higher risk of disease

A

tropical diseases can spread higher north as the planet warms. animals can increase there range north possibly carrying more diseaes

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31
Q

how climate makes more severe storms

A

hurricanes cause economic loss as well as loss of life. more violent storms force people inland, thus adding population pressure.

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32
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

the entire range of electromagnetic waves in order of wavelength and or frequency

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33
Q

wavelength

A

the distance from one crest of a wave to the next crest

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34
Q

frequency

A

the number of crests in a wave that pass a given point in one second

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35
Q

incident ray

A

ray of light that travels from a light source to a surface

36
Q

normal

A

a line constructed perpendicular to a surface where a ray of light meats the surface

37
Q

reflected ray

A

a ray that begins at the point where the incidence ray and the normal meet

38
Q

relections

A

the change in direction of a light ray when it bounces off a surface

39
Q

refraction

A

the bending of light as it travels at an angle from a material with one refractive index to a material with a different refractive index.

40
Q

real image

A

an image that is formed when reflected rays meet

41
Q

angle of incidence

A

angle between the incidence ray and the normal

42
Q

angle of reflection

A

angle between reflected ray and the normal

43
Q

critical angle

A

the angle of incidence that produces an angle o refraction of 90 degrees

44
Q

virtual image

A

an image formed by rays that appear to be coming from a certan position but are not actually coming from that position. image does not form a visible projection o a screen

45
Q

lens

A

a transparent object with atleast on curved side that causes light to bend

46
Q

focal point

A

the point on the principal axis through which reflected rays pass when the incident rays are parallel to and near the principal axis

47
Q

focal length

A

distance between vertex of a mirror and the focal point. half the distance from the vertex to the centre of curvature

48
Q

magnification

A

the change in size of an optically produced image

49
Q

principal axis

A

the line that passes through the centre of curvature C of a mirror or lens and is normally the axis of symmetry.

50
Q

concave mirror

A

a mirror whos reflecting image curves inwards

51
Q

convex mirror

A

a mirror whos reflecting surface curves outwards

52
Q

speed of light

A

3.0 x 10^8

53
Q

luminous

A

an object that creates its own light

54
Q

non-luminous

A

an object that doestn create its own light, but reflects light

55
Q

incadescence

A

light emitted from an object when it is heated to a high temperature

56
Q

bioluminescence

A

light produced by a biochemical reaction inside a living organism

57
Q

fluorescence

A

light emitted during exposure of the source of ultraviolet light

58
Q

phosphorescence

A

light emitted due to exposure of the sorce to ultraviolet light. and that continues to be emitted for some time after the absence of the ultraviolet light

59
Q

index of refraction

A

the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a given medium

60
Q

centre of curvature

A

double the foal length and something else

61
Q

Atom

A

smallest characteristic of matter that has the characteristic of an element

62
Q

ion

A

a charged particle formed from the loss or gain of ne or more electrons

63
Q

polyatomic ion

A

an ion that is composed of more than one atom

64
Q

molecule

A

a neutral particle composed of two or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds

65
Q

element

A

a class of substances that can be divided into any simple form of the object

66
Q

diatomic compound

A

is a molecule composed of only two or less chemical elements

67
Q

ionic compound

A

composed of oppositely charged ions

68
Q

binary acids

A

acid composed of hydrogen and non metal

69
Q

compound

A

composed of 2 or more chemical elements and are glued together

70
Q

pure substance

A

a material composed of only one type of particle

71
Q

homogeneous mixture

A

a mixture of one or more objects but it only has one phase

72
Q

heterogeneous mixture

A

a mixture when you can see all the different parts of the mixture and easily take it apart

73
Q

physical change

A

the form of matter is altered but is not chemically changed

74
Q

chemical change

A

when the chemical make up of a substance is changed a chemical reaction has to occur

75
Q

covalent bond

A

when pairs of electron are shared by atoms and they are glues together

76
Q

oxyacid

A

a compound that contains hydrogen, oxygen and atleast one other element

77
Q

physical property

A

something that can be physically measured

78
Q

chemical property

A

a property when an characteristic of a substance is observed during when a chemical reaction occurs

79
Q

catalyst

A

a substance that increases the rate of reaction and is regenerated at the end of the reaction

80
Q

surface area

A

the larger the surface area on an object the faster the chemical reaction occurs

81
Q

concentration

A

the amount of a particular substance in a specific amount of another substance

82
Q

rate of reaction

A

the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs, can be increased in many ways

83
Q

polar covalent bonds

A

when the electrons forming the bond are unequally shared, this causes the molecules to have different level of electromagnetivity on different parts of it

84
Q

reactants

A

things put into a chemical reaction

85
Q

products

A

things that come out of the chemical reaction

Grade 10 Science Exam Review (2 decks)

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