Everything Flashcards
Red litmus paper goes / stays which color when placed in acidic solutions?
Red
Name 3 different types of indicators
Red litmus paper
Blue litmus paper
Universal indicator paper
Red litmus paper goes/stays what color when placed in alkaline solutions
Blue
Blue litmus paper goes/ stays what color when placed in an acidic solution
Red
Blue litmus paper goes/stays what color when placed in an alkaline solution
Blue
What pH’s is the universal indicator when in a strong acid and what color
pH1- pH4 and reddish colors
On a universal indicator what is considered as the pH’s of a weak acid and what colors.
pH4-pH6 and light reds and orangish
What are the pH’s on the universal indicator that are considered neutral and what colors.
pH7-pH8 and green
PH’s of a strong alkaline solution on the universal indicator and colors.
PHs 12/13-14 and dark blue
Colors and pH’s of a weak alkaline solution on a universal indicator.
Light blue and pH9-11/12
Why is a universal indicator more accurate than the blue or red litmus paper?
The red and blue litmus paper only tell you whether a substance is an acid or alkali, while the universal indicator gives you much more information on how strong or weak the substance is. For example if it was a deep red it would mean it was a strong acid while an orangey color would be a weak acid. It also tells you whether it is neutral or not.
How can you tell whether a substance is neutral from red and blue litmus paper.
If the red litmus paper stays red and if the blue litmus paper stays blue it means that it’s neutral.
Could you ever use everyday things to test if a substance was an acid or alkaline?
Yes, sometimes you can see a big color change if you spill something in something else, this could tell you whether it is an acid or alkaline. You could use ink.
Are acids the opposite of alkalis.
Yes
Are there acids in batteries?
Yes
Are acids or alkalis always dangerous?
No.
Can you stop an acid being an acid by adding water?
No, adding water will only dilute it, it won’t stop it from being an acid.
Do we have any acids or alkalis in our bodies?
Yes, we have lots of acid in our stomachs.
Does acid ever affect buildings (because of their building material)?
Yes, some of them are affected by acid rain, such as:sandstone and unpolished marble. And limestone. Others that aren’t as affected are: unpolished granite and brick
What are antacids?
Antacids are types of medicine.
What are antacids usually used for?
They are used to reduce the amount of acid in you stomach. Indigestion is caused from when there is too much acid in your stomach so antacids neutralize the extra acid in your stomach.
What damage is acid rain capable of?
Acid rain is capable of damaging buildings. And can wash into rivers killing lots of fish and sea life, and it can destroy the trees.
Is normal rain acidic?
Yes normal rain is always slightly acidic, although it’s very weak - at the ph of 5 or 6. We can’t stop this because there is carbon dioxide in the air and as the rain falls through the air it dissolves gases including carbon dioxide. This isn’t usually acidic enough to harm animals or plants.
How does the acid rain get acidic enough to harm buildings,plants, animals, trees and lakes/rivers?
There are other gases in the air from the actions of humans. These are: sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. As the rain dissolves these, it adds lots of acid into the rain, causing lots of damage once the rain lands on things.
Where does sulfur dioxide come from?
Sulfur dioxide comes from burning fuels that contain sulfur, it most commonly happens in factories and power stations.
Where does nitrogen oxide come from?
Nitrogen oxide comes from the exhaust gases given off by cars whilst they are driving.
Why does London produce so much acidic gases?
Because London is very urbanized and there is lots of industries in it, that let out gases into the air.
How does the acid rain from London go to other countries.
The acid rain that London produces also affects other countries like Norway and Sweden. They get there by wind.
Why are many things that used to be made out of metal are now made from plastic?
Because acid rain destroys/ damages metal and they don’t want objects such as drainpipes to break or get ruined.
How can we prevent acid rain?
Before factories let off gases with sulfur in them into the air, they can add other chemicals (filter) to remove the sulfur dioxide from the gases. The. It can be let out into the air and won’t cause the rain to become very acidic. And they could use electric cars to stop releasing exhaust gases such as nitrogen oxide.
What is chemical weathering?
Chemical weathering is acid rain reacting with rock/metal to create new substances.
What is physical weathering.
Physical weathering is wind/heat/cold on rocks wearing them away.
What is the formation of a limestone cave?
Cave formation is when rainwater absorbs carbon dioxide as it falls through the atmosphere. It reacts with limestone. As it reaches the soil and goes through it, it absorbs more carbon dioxide from dead plants making the water even more acidic. It’s called carbonic acid. As it travels through the ground it comes to solid rock. If the rock is made from limestone or dolomite then caves can form. The acid water can react with limestone so it widens the cracks and slowly a larger space will form. This happens when the rocks are made of calcium carbonate. This is chemical weathering. When the space becomes bigger and bigger then more water can flow through and it wears away more rock. This is physical weathering. The streams wash erodes rock and sand. This makes the cave larger and makes in underground stream. The water carries in flowing to make passages in the rock and forms more caves. Sometimes the stream goes lower and lower in the rock leaving dry caves behind. This takes hundreds of thousands and millions of years though.
What is a ph meter.
It is an alternate for universal indicator and tells you the exact ph.
How do you clean a ph meter. And how do you use it.
You wash it in distilled water. And you dip it in the substance once it’s clean.
