Everything

Question 1

All proteins are composed of which building block?

Answer 1

Amino Acids

The order of amino acids determines the proteins structure and therefore its function

Question 2

Identify the part of the cell where mRNA would not be found

Answer 2

Cell membrane

Question 3

What is the relationship between the genetic code and proteins?

Answer 3

The order of bases in DNA determines the function of a protein

Question 4

What’s DNA

Answer 4

It’s a double stranded molecule which codes for proteins.

Question 5

Describe a chromosome

Answer 5

A chain of DNA bases

Question 6

What cells is the nucleus found in and what its function?

Answer 6

Animal, plant and fungal

Controls cell activities

Question 7

What cells is the cytoplasm found in and what is its function?

Answer 7

Animal, plant, fungal and bacterial

Site of chemical reaction

Question 8

What cells is the cell membrane found in what is its function?

Answer 8

Animal, plant, fungal and bacterial

Controls what substance can enter or exit the cell

Question 9

What cells is the ribosome found in and what is its function?

Answer 9

Animal, plant,fungal and bacterial

Site of protein synthesis

Question 10

What cells is the mitochondria found in and what is its function?

Answer 10

Animal, plant and fungal

Site of aerobic respiration

Question 11

What cells is the cell wall found in and what is its function?

Answer 11

Plant, fungal and bacterial

Provides shape/support to the cell

Question 12

What cells is the chloroplast found in and what is its function?

Answer 12

Plant

Site of photosynthesis. Found in green leaf cells but not root cells

Question 13

What cells is the vacuole found in and what is its function?

Answer 13

Plant and fungal

Fluid filled sac

Question 14

What cells is the plasmid found in and what is its function?

Answer 14

Bacterial

Additional circular DNA

Question 15

Where is DNA stored?

Answer 15

The nucleus

Question 16

What is the unique shape of DNA?

Answer 16

Double stranded helix

Question 17

State the number of bases and their letters for DNA

Answer 17

4 bases

Adenine+Thymine Guanine+Cytosine

Question 18

What are DNA strands held together by?

Answer 18

Complementary base pairing

Question 19

What does mRNA do?

Answer 19

It carries a complementary copy of DNA from the nucleus to the ribosome. The ribosomes read the mRNA to produce a chain of amino acids which makes proteins.

Question 20

What are enzymes?

Answer 20

They are biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions

Question 21

What do synthesis reactions involve?

Answer 21

A build up of small substrates into larger products

Question 22

What are enzymes produced by?

Answer 22

All living cells

Question 23

How can enzyme activity be measured?

Answer 23

By how much substrate is used up or how much product is made

Question 24

Wha do hormones do?

Answer 24

Chemical messengers

Question 25

What are enzymes made of?

Answer 25

Proteins

Question 26

What do genes code for?

Answer 26

Proteins

Question 27

What are plant cell walls made of?

Answer 27

A structural carbohydrate called cellulose

Question 28

How many micrometers are there in 1mm?

Answer 28

1000

Question 29

How is DNA unique to an individual?

Answer 29

The order of DNA bases is different in each person

Question 30

What do proteins determine?

Answer 30

The characteristics of an organism e.g. flower or eye colour

Question 31

Can enzymes be reused?

Answer 31

Yes because they are unchanged during a chemical reaction

Question 32

What is a section of DNA known as?

Answer 32

Genes

Question 32

What happens without enzymes?

Answer 32

The chemical reactions required to maintain life would be too slow

Question 33

What happens during an enzyme reaction?

Answer 33

The substrate binds with the enzyme’s active site to form the enzyme substrate complex

Question 34

Are enzymes specific?

Answer 34

Yes, enzymes are specific and can only react with one substrate. This happens because the substrate is complementary to the active site

Question 35

What happens once an enzyme reaction has taken place?

Answer 35

The product is released form the active site

Question 37

What do proteins do?

Answer 37

They determine the characteristics of an organism e.g. flower or eye colour

Question 38

What do receptors do?

Answer 38

Found on target cells for hormones to bind to

Question 39

What do antibodies do?

Answer 39

Made by lymphocytes to destroy pathogens

Question 40

What does a degregation reaction involve?

Answer 40

The breakdown of large substrates into smaller products

Question 41

What do synthesis reactions involve?

Answer 41

The build up of smaller substrates into larger products

Question 42

What are enzymes made of?

Answer 42

Protein

Question 43

What are enzymes affected by?

Answer 43

Temperature and PH

Question 44

When is an enzyme most effective?

Answer 44

When it’s at its optimum conditions (when it’s working at its fastest rate possible)

Question 45

What happens when enzymes become denatured?

Answer 45

The active site changes shape and the substrate can no longer bind to the active site which will decrease the rate of reaction. This can happen at very high temperatures and PH values out with their working range