Everything

Question 1

State aim and objectives of design

Answer 1

Meet particular need (shelter, transportation, industrial, municipal, or expression of art and culture)
Ensure facilities are constructed as functional, safe, economic, and aesthetics

Question 2

Purpose of preliminary design

Answer 2

proposal of overall design and shape. Alternate ways of meeting the goal/need. Planning, permits, estimating, challenges.

Question 3

Explain the use of load factors and safety performance factors

Answer 3

reduce risk of underestimation due to statistical variations in the estimation of loads and in design.
reduce the risk of overestimation due to statistical variances in material properties and in analysis procedures.

Question 4

Limit state?

Answer 4

Condition where a structure n longer fulfills the design criteria

Question 5

Ultimate limit vs service

Answer 5

State of collapse is ultimate. service is the allowable behaviour of a structure during normal use.

Question 6

Actions<= Resistance

Answer 6

actions must be less than or equal to resistance to prevent failure and be safe

Question 7

describe key characteristics of a frame

Answer 7

carry loads often higher than their own self weight. spaces between structural elements are often used for occupancy.

Question 8

methods of bracing

Answer 8

cross bracing and shear walls and moment wall

Question 9

explain shear wall

Answer 9

prevents torsion due to forces exerted on the further portions of a building. resistance through stiffness and strength, resisting lateral forces

Question 10

Hydration

Answer 10

chemical reaction between binder/cement and water

Question 11

Steel and concrete work together

Answer 11

similar expansion rate, the ribs on the steel grab onto the concrete to give it tension reinforcement

Question 12

Prestressed concrete

Answer 12

high span to depth ratio for structural members, reduces or eliminates tension

Question 13

List constituents

Answer 13

coarse aggregate
fine aggregate
binder
water
additives

Question 14

practical mixture proportions

Answer 14

1:1-1/2:3
1:2:4
Cement:Fine Aggregate:Coarse Aggregate

Question 15

Admixtures

Answer 15

sulphate resistance, accelerator, decelerator, high early strength, entrainment, colour

Question 16

Typical concrete strengths

Answer 16

25-40 MPa

Question 17

Typical steel strength

Answer 17

400 MPa

Question 18

Roles of tension steel

Answer 18

Reinforcing bar in the area of tension to aid the concrete in tension resistance

Question 19

Role of compression steel

Answer 19

to hold up the rest of the cage, to aid in compression resistance to the concrete, in the areas of compression

Question 20

Role of stirrups

Answer 20

Provide shear reinforcement from shear cracks

Question 21

Proper reinforcing

Answer 21

Not over, not under reinforced. Over reinforced: concrete yields first, brittle disaster
under reinforced: rebar yields too early, not enough strength, sudden failure

Question 22

When is a flanged beam designed as a true t

Answer 22

T-Beam: when the neutral axis lies within the flange. Rectangular when neutral axis lies within the web

Question 23

Benefits of compression steel

Answer 23

fire resistance, ductility, deflections, cracks, workability

Question 24

Functions of concrete cover

Answer 24

corrosion, workability, aggregate size, vibration,

Question 25

One way vs two way spanning

Answer 25

ratio of the longer span to the shorter span is less than or equal to 2 is two-way

Question 26

code prescribes min and max amounts of steel

Answer 26

to ensure reinforcement throughout for shear/at least one per shear crack. max to ensure it is not over reinforced/workability. to ensure rebar does not burst or buckle