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everything Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of conformity?

A

Compliance, Identification and Internalisation

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2
Q

Describe characteristics of compliance conformity

A

Weak, Temporary

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3
Q

describe characteristics of Identification conformity

A

stronger , temporary

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4
Q

describe characteristics of internalisation

A

strongest type, permanent

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5
Q

who conducted the Autokinetic Lab experiment

A

Sherif (1935)

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6
Q

during Asch (1952) study on conformity what was the mean conformity rate

A

37%

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7
Q

What type of social influence did Asch (1952) demonstrate?

A

Normative social influence

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8
Q

explain Normative social influence

A

Conforming to fit in

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9
Q

explain informative social influence

A

conforming in hopes of being correct

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10
Q

5 factors which effected Asch 1952 study

A

group size, unanimity (support), ambiguity (clearer images), privacy and status

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11
Q

what is social influence?

A

the effects of other people on an individuals beliefs, attitudes, perceptions or behavior.

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12
Q

what is conformity?

A

individuals changing their behavior or attitudes in order to adhere to excisting social norms

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13
Q

what is obidience?

A

one person obeys direct orders from an authority figure to perform some action

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14
Q

what is compliance?

A

involves a direct request from one person to another, but does not reflect internal change

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15
Q

what was Milgrams obedience study in (1974)

A

he directed participants to administer different and dangerous levels of fake electric shocks. to see if they would abide the authoritative figure despite the consequence on another person.

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16
Q

define pro-social behavior

A

Bierhoff(1990) the intention to benefit another person, with lack of obligation

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17
Q

Kitty Genovese case

A

Kitty was murderd at night, and many people saw and heard but did nothing to help not even call the police.

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18
Q

why was it reported that no one reported the Kitty Genovese murder?

A

diffusion of responsibility and social influence

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19
Q

define Reciprocity in relation to social norms.

A

we should help those who help us

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20
Q

define social responsibility in relation to social norms

A

help should be given to those in need regardless for expectation or reciprocation

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21
Q

define the just-world hypothesis in relation to social norms

A

give to people in line with what they deserve

22
Q

what is an attitude?

A

a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favour or disfavour (Eagly & Chaiken 1993)

23
Q

Daniel Katz (1960) four functional areas of attitude

A

knowledge, self-expression, adaptive and ego defense

24
Q

three components of the ABC model of Attitude (Maio & Haddock, 2019)

A

Affective , Behavioural and Cognitive

25
Q

Define Prejudice

A

Brown (2010) any attitude, emotion or behaviour towards members of a group, which directly or indirectly implies negativity or antipathy.

26
Q

define stereotype

A

a generalisation about a group of people, in which certain traits are assigned to virtually all members regardless of variation among members.

27
Q

4 factors which draw people together

A

proximity, similarity, attraction and reciprocal liking

28
Q

explain the proximity effect

A

those we come into contact more frequently, are those with whom we are more likely to form friendships with. For example, you are more likely to form a relationship with someone in who lives on the same floor as you as opposed to someone who does not.

29
Q

what is the matching hypothesis (Walster et al, 1966)

A

people tend to choose a partner of roughly equal social desirability

30
Q

what is the social exchange theory? (relationships and attraction )

A

the “give & take “ of relationship
includes three factors showing the satisfaction of a relationship: profit, alternatives and investments.

31
Q

what is the Equity theory?
(relationships and attraction)

A

based on social exchange, people believe if what they get reflects what they give the relationship is fair (Hogg & Vaughan))

32
Q

3 sections of Sternbergs triangle of love (1986)

A

intimacy, commitment and passion

33
Q

characteristics of Interpersonal self

A

the self that portrayed to others, works to gain social acceptance and relationships.

34
Q

characteristics of Agent self

A

involved in control, over others and ourselves. controls executive functions.

35
Q

characteristics of self knowledge

A

set of beliefs about one’s self,
self-awareness

36
Q

two approaches of true self

A

impulse - inner thoughts and feelings
institution - public behaviours and roles

37
Q

what is the purpose of the self (2)

A

gain social acceptance, fulfil a role

38
Q

private self consciousness is..

A

tendency to introspect about inner thoughts and feelings

39
Q

public self-consciousness is…

A

a focus on our outer public image

40
Q

define introspection

A

process by which a person examines the content of their mind and mental states

41
Q

two types of social comparison

A

upward social comparison (thinking your less than others)
downward social comparison (thinking your better than others)

42
Q

what is the self-perception theory (Bem, 1965)?

A

people observe their behavior to infer what they are thinking and how they are feeling. (behaviour comes before a thought or a feeling)

43
Q

two types of motivation

A

intrinsic motivation (wanting to do something for its own sake)
Extrinsic motivation (doing something for the result)

44
Q

what is the self reference effect?

A

information bearing on self is processed more deeply. Remember more words when asked about self-relation.

45
Q

what is the endowment effect?

A

items gain value to the person who owns it, they want more because they own it

46
Q

define the displacement effect in relation to children and TV

A

that children watch TV
instead of doing more enriching activities (Fisch, 2004)

47
Q

Piagets 4 stages of development

A

0-2 Years: Sensori Motor
Stage
2-7 Years: Preoperational
Stage
7-12 Years: Concrete Operational Stage
12+ Years: Formal Operational Stage

48
Q

define Decentration refering to Conservation

A

Focusing on several
aspects of a
problem and
relating them

49
Q

define Reversibility referring to Conservation

A

Thinking through a
series of steps and
then mentally
reversing direction

50
Q

three parts of the personality according to Freud

A

ID, ego and superego (internalisation)

51
Q

social learning theory (skinner)

A

children learn their morals in the same way they learn other things

52
Q

Piaget’s 3 stages of children and morals

A

Amoral stage (under 5 years)
Moral realism (5-9 years)
Moral relativism (10+ years)

bethans (1 decks)

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