everything 😛 Flashcards
types of environments and examples
natural- forest, managed- parkland managed by rangers, built- a city/suburbs
categories of natural hazards
atmospheric, geological, geomorphic, hydrological, climatological
atmospheric hazard
occurs in the air, e.g cyclones and tornados
geological
where the ground and earth moves, the movement of tectonic plates during an earthquake
geomorphic
processes that take place on the earths surface, e.g landslide/erosion
hydrological
natural processes driven by water- tsunami/landslide
climatological
natural hazards in weather cycles, e.g floods and bushfires
factors that impact severity
cause, frequency, speed of onset, developed v developing country, predictability and duration
cause
origin of the hazard, e.g floods after torrential rain
frequency
how often an event happens, is it seasonal-bushfire, or random-earthquake.
speed of onset
how quickly does it happen, e.g flash flooding happens really quickly, whereas a volcano can emit gases and smoke for days before the eruption
developed v developing country
developed countries are able to provide aid, shelter ect, whereas developing countries don’t have that money
predictability
is it random or seasonal, hurricanes can be monitored, but an earthquake can happen where there is little to no seismic activity
duration
how long does the event last for- storm is a few hours, droughts are months/years
factors that affect vulnerability
social/political, physical, economic, climate change
social/political
stable/unstable government, and a sense of community
physical
terrain, location, structure soundness
economic
ability to fund aid and rebuilding efforts
climate change (vulnerability)
unpredictability and severity of events
levels of impact
primary, secondary, tertiary
primary
shaking
secondary
spread of disease, food shortages
tertiary
chronic illness, rebuilding
biophysical
the natural world
anthropogenic
how humans have adapted to the natural world, e.g rollers on buildings in earthquake prone regions
open system
a system that allows matter to freely enter and exit, e.g a river
closed system
a system that doesn’t allow matter to freely enter and exit, e.g a dam
divergent plates
plates moving away from each other, causes valleys
converging plates
plates moving towards each other, causes mountain ranges
transforming plates
plates moving side by side, creates ridges and valleys
