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Food Microbiology Exam 4 > Everything > Flashcards

Everything Flashcards

1
Q

Cite a gram+, anaerobic and spore-forming bacteria with oval-cylindrical terminal to sub-terminal spores

A

Clostridium botulinum

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2
Q

What is the T range for non proteolytic C. botulinum?

A

3.3 - 45C, optimum 30

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3
Q

What is the incubation time of foodborne botulism?

A

12 - 72h

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4
Q

Bacteria that infects low acid fruits and vegetables?

A

C. botulinum toxins A and B

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5
Q

Bacteria that infects fish?

A

C. botulinum toxin E

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6
Q

What is a bacteria other than STEC that produces Shiga toxin?

A

Shigella

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7
Q

What is the incubation time for Shigella foodborne infection?

A

1-7 days

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of Shigella foodborne infection?

A

Dysentery (bloody/with pus)
Severe abdominal pain
Fever
Rectal pain

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9
Q

What are the virulence factors of Shigella?

A

Shiga-toxin
Cell-to-cell spread
Damage to intestinal cells

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10
Q

What are the Shigella species?

A

Shigella flexneri
Shigella boydii
Shigella soneii
Shigella dysenteriae

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11
Q

Best temperature and pH of Shigella?

A

10-48 C
6 - 8

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12
Q

Which species cause foodborne Salmonellosis?

A

S. Typhimurium (everything)
S. Enteritidis (eggs)

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13
Q

What is the incubation time for Salmonellosis and how long does it last?

A

12-24 hours and it lasts 2-3 days

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14
Q

What does Salmonella attacks in Salmonellosis?

A

It attachs to the ileum, penetrate with aid of fimbrial adhesins in cell attachment and invades M cells of Peyer’s patches

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15
Q

What are the symptoms in Salmonellosis?

A

Headache, fever, chills, diarrhea

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16
Q

What are the subpsecies of Salmonella enterica?

A

arizonae
diarizonae
enterica
houtenae
indica
salamae

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17
Q

What is the temperature and pH range of Salmonella?

A

Mesophilic: 5.3 - 45
pH 6.6 - 8.2

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18
Q

Which strain of C. perfrigens produces enterotoxin?

A

Type A strain

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19
Q

What does C. perfringens attacks and how?

A

Small intestine (ileum)
Abrupt change of pH triggers sporulation on the villi

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20
Q

What is the incubation time of C. perfringens gastroenteritis?

21
Q

What is the duration time of C. perfringens gastroenteritis?

22
Q

What are the signature symptoms of C. perfringens gastroenteritis?

A

Diarrhea, gas, abdominal pain, vomiting
No fever and nausea

23
Q

What is the minimum concentration of C. perfringens for the gastroenteritis?

A

At least 5x10^5 CFU/mL

24
Q

What are the characteristics of Bacillus cereus?

A

Gram+, motile, aerobic, endospore forming rod

25
Q

What is the optimum temperature and pH for B. cereus?

A

35 - 40 C
pH 4.9 - 9.3

26
Q

Does B. cereus produce toxins?

A

Yes, two extra-cellular ones

27
Q

Is B. cereus diarrheal syndrome caused by a toxin? If yes, which one?

A

Heat labile enterotoxin

28
Q

Is B. cereus emetic syndrome caused by a toxin? If yes, which one?

A

Heat stable enterotoxin

29
Q

What is the incubation time and duration of B. cereus diarrheal syndrome?

A

12-13h
Lasts 6-12h

30
Q

In which foods can you get B. cereus diarrheal syndrome?

A

Starch based foods such a cereal, corn, flours

31
Q

Which toxin does EaggEC produce?

A

Heat stable enterotoxin EAST1

32
Q

How does EaggEC attacks?

A

The plasmid coded fimbriae is responsible for the aggregative expression and a specific outer membrane protein (OMP) is needed for adherence

33
Q

How does ETEC attacks?

A

It attaches and colonizes the small intestine by a plasmid coded fimbrial colonization factor antigen (CFAs I, II, III, and IV)

34
Q

Does ETEC produce toxins? If so, which ones

A

Heat stable (ST) and heat labile (LT)

35
Q

How does EPEC attacks?

A

It adheres to the small intestine mucosa via plasmid-coded adherence factors (intimin-eaeA) and causes attachment-effacement lesions, destroying microbilli

36
Q

What does EPEC cause?

37
Q

Does EPEC produce toxins? If yes, which ones

38
Q

Does EIEC produce toxins? If yes, which ones

39
Q

How does EIEC attacks?

A

It invades the colonic epithelial cells and spreads to adjacent cells like shigellae

40
Q

What are the symptoms for EIEC infection?

A

Bloody diarrhea
Abdominal cramps

41
Q

What does DAEC causes?

A

Diarrhea, mostly in kids with >12 years old

42
Q

How does EHEC attacks?

A

It has chromosomal eaeA gene codes for intimin, an adherence factor protein

43
Q

Does EHEC produce toxins? If yes, which ones

A

Shiga-like toxin (SLT)

44
Q

What makes it possible for EHEC to attach to cells?

A

Plasmid coded fimbriae

45
Q

Which toxins on EHEC are linked to which diseases?

A

Stx2 - hemorrhagic colitis
Stx1 - hemolytic uremic syndrome

46
Q

What is the infection time and duration of EHEC infection?

A

3-4 days
Lasts 3-10 days

47
Q

What are the EHEC infection symptoms?

A

Bloody diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, kidney damage and failure

48
Q

What are the other strains of STEC besides O157 that have a zero tolerance policy?

A

O26, O111, O103, O121, O45, and O145

Food Microbiology Exam 4 (1 decks)

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