Everything

Question 1

Cite a gram+, anaerobic and spore-forming bacteria with oval-cylindrical terminal to sub-terminal spores

Answer 1

Clostridium botulinum

Question 2

What is the T range for non proteolytic C. botulinum?

Answer 2

3.3 - 45C, optimum 30

Question 3

What is the incubation time of foodborne botulism?

Answer 3

12 - 72h

Question 4

Bacteria that infects low acid fruits and vegetables?

Answer 4

C. botulinum toxins A and B

Question 5

Bacteria that infects fish?

Answer 5

C. botulinum toxin E

Question 6

What is a bacteria other than STEC that produces Shiga toxin?

Answer 6

Shigella

Question 7

What is the incubation time for Shigella foodborne infection?

Answer 7

1-7 days

Question 8

What are the symptoms of Shigella foodborne infection?

Answer 8

Dysentery (bloody/with pus)
Severe abdominal pain
Fever
Rectal pain

Question 9

What are the virulence factors of Shigella?

Answer 9

Shiga-toxin
Cell-to-cell spread
Damage to intestinal cells

Question 10

What are the Shigella species?

Answer 10

Shigella flexneri
Shigella boydii
Shigella soneii
Shigella dysenteriae

Question 11

Best temperature and pH of Shigella?

Answer 11

10-48 C
6 - 8

Question 12

Which species cause foodborne Salmonellosis?

Answer 12

S. Typhimurium (everything)
S. Enteritidis (eggs)

Question 13

What is the incubation time for Salmonellosis and how long does it last?

Answer 13

12-24 hours and it lasts 2-3 days

Question 14

What does Salmonella attacks in Salmonellosis?

Answer 14

It attachs to the ileum, penetrate with aid of fimbrial adhesins in cell attachment and invades M cells of Peyer’s patches

Question 15

What are the symptoms in Salmonellosis?

Answer 15

Headache, fever, chills, diarrhea

Question 16

What are the subpsecies of Salmonella enterica?

Answer 16

arizonae
diarizonae
enterica
houtenae
indica
salamae

Question 17

What is the temperature and pH range of Salmonella?

Answer 17

Mesophilic: 5.3 - 45
pH 6.6 - 8.2

Question 18

Which strain of C. perfrigens produces enterotoxin?

Answer 18

Type A strain

Question 19

What does C. perfringens attacks and how?

Answer 19

Small intestine (ileum)
Abrupt change of pH triggers sporulation on the villi

Question 20

What is the incubation time of C. perfringens gastroenteritis?

Answer 20

8 - 24h

Question 21

What is the duration time of C. perfringens gastroenteritis?

Answer 21

12 - 24h

Question 22

What are the signature symptoms of C. perfringens gastroenteritis?

Answer 22

Diarrhea, gas, abdominal pain, vomiting
No fever and nausea

Question 23

What is the minimum concentration of C. perfringens for the gastroenteritis?

Answer 23

At least 5x10^5 CFU/mL

Question 24

What are the characteristics of Bacillus cereus?

Answer 24

Gram+, motile, aerobic, endospore forming rod

Question 25

What is the optimum temperature and pH for B. cereus?

Answer 25

35 - 40 C pH 4.9 - 9.3

Question 26

Does B. cereus produce toxins?

Answer 26

Yes, two extra-cellular ones

Question 27

Is B. cereus diarrheal syndrome caused by a toxin? If yes, which one?

Answer 27

Heat labile enterotoxin

Question 28

Is B. cereus emetic syndrome caused by a toxin? If yes, which one?

Answer 28

Heat stable enterotoxin

Question 29

What is the incubation time and duration of B. cereus diarrheal syndrome?

Answer 29

12-13h Lasts 6-12h

Question 30

In which foods can you get B. cereus diarrheal syndrome?

Answer 30

Starch based foods such a cereal, corn, flours

Question 31

Which toxin does EaggEC produce?

Answer 31

Heat stable enterotoxin EAST1

Question 32

How does EaggEC attacks?

Answer 32

The plasmid coded fimbriae is responsible for the aggregative expression and a specific outer membrane protein (OMP) is needed for adherence

Question 33

How does ETEC attacks?

Answer 33

It attaches and colonizes the small intestine by a plasmid coded fimbrial colonization factor antigen (CFAs I, II, III, and IV)

Question 34

Does ETEC produce toxins? If so, which ones

Answer 34

Heat stable (ST) and heat labile (LT)

Question 35

How does EPEC attacks?

Answer 35

It adheres to the small intestine mucosa via plasmid-coded adherence factors (intimin-eaeA) and causes attachment-effacement lesions, destroying microbilli

Question 36

What does EPEC cause?

Answer 36

Diarrhea

Question 37

Does EPEC produce toxins? If yes, which ones

Answer 37

No

Question 38

Does EIEC produce toxins? If yes, which ones

Answer 38

No

Question 39

How does EIEC attacks?

Answer 39

It invades the colonic epithelial cells and spreads to adjacent cells like shigellae

Question 40

What are the symptoms for EIEC infection?

Answer 40

Bloody diarrhea Abdominal cramps

Question 41

What does DAEC causes?

Answer 41

Diarrhea, mostly in kids with >12 years old

Question 42

How does EHEC attacks?

Answer 42

It has chromosomal eaeA gene codes for intimin, an adherence factor protein

Question 43

Does EHEC produce toxins? If yes, which ones

Answer 43

Shiga-like toxin (SLT)

Question 44

What makes it possible for EHEC to attach to cells?

Answer 44

Plasmid coded fimbriae

Question 45

Which toxins on EHEC are linked to which diseases?

Answer 45

Stx2 - hemorrhagic colitis Stx1 - hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 46

What is the infection time and duration of EHEC infection?

Answer 46

3-4 days Lasts 3-10 days

Question 47

What are the EHEC infection symptoms?

Answer 47

Bloody diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, kidney damage and failure

Question 48

What are the other strains of STEC besides O157 that have a zero tolerance policy?

Answer 48

O26, O111, O103, O121, O45, and O145