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DNA & Inheritance > Everything > Flashcards

Everything Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition of Discrete Variation

A
  1. Discrete variation data is discovered by looking.
  2. Discrete Variation puts data/species into 2+ groups.
  3. Data should be shown in a bar chart
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2
Q

Definition of Continuous Variation

A

1.Continuous Variation has a range of differences from one extreme then another
2. The data has to be measured
3. The data is presented as a histogram
4. histogram should look like a normal distribution curve

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3
Q

What are chromosomes

A

Inside the nucleus’s are chromosomes. Chromosomes as long chunks/strands of DNA

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4
Q

Cells contain how many chromosomes?

A
  1. 23 from your mum and 23 from your dad
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5
Q

What are the four bases?

A

A , T , C and G

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6
Q

Which bases pair with each-other?

A

A pairs with T
C pairs with G
because of there certain shapes

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7
Q

what is the exterior laces/walls in the DNA shape called and what are they made of?

A

They are called uprights and made from sugar and phosphate

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8
Q

What does DNA stand for ( spell it too)

A

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACD

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9
Q

What is a codon

A

A codon is a sequence of three bases in DNA

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10
Q

What happens if the sequence of bases ( a codon) changes

A

The the codon will produce different amino acid to make different protein

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11
Q

What does a codon produce

A

A codon produces amino acid then the amino acid makes protein

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12
Q

What is a genetic disorder

A

A genetic disorder is a disease caused by a faulty in someones genes

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13
Q

what causes a genetic disorder

A

-Malfunctions in the DNA
-Missing/Extra Chromosomes

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14
Q

What is a mutation

A

A mutation is a change in a persons DNA sequence

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15
Q

What is Gene Therapy

A

Gene Therapy is the introduction of ‘normal’ genes into the cells of a human insted of their missing/ defective genes to correct genetic disorders

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16
Q

how is genetic therapy inserted

A

Genetic therapy can be when you are prescribed drugs then a vector carries the normal genes down to the into the cells

17
Q

What is Pharmacogenetics

A

Pharmacogentics is the medication that is prescribed to you based on your genetic profile of what you would benefit from

18
Q

what is DNA profiling

A

the process where a specific DNA pattern, called a profile, is obtained from DNA or sample of bodily tissue

19
Q

When are five places DNA profiling can be used

A
  1. Forensic Science
  2. Paternity (Parent) testing
  3. Food Fraud
  4. identification of disease
  5. ancestry
20
Q

Diffrences between Continuous and discrete variation

A

One you look to tell data other you have to measure it
One is shown as a histogram
One is shown as a bar chart
And one sets data in 2+ groups

21
Q

What does PGD stand for

A

Pre- Implantation genetic diagnosis

22
Q

What does IVF stand for

A

In- vitro fertilization

23
Q

A liger + tiger makes a?

A

Liger

24
Q

A donkey + Horse makes a?

A

Mule

25
Q

when two different breeds mate is their baby will be Fertile or in fertile

A

In fertile / sterile

26
Q

Zebra + shetland pony

A

Zebrony

27
Q

Dolphin + false killer whale makes a?

A

Wholphin

28
Q

what is variation

A

Variation is the DNA that separates everyone so our DNAS are not identical

29
Q

what does the nucleas contain?

A

The nucleas contains all of our genetic material

30
Q

the DNA shape can be described as?

A

as a double helix?

31
Q

what are genes

A

Genes are sections/chunks of DNA which code our protein

32
Q

What are designer babies

A

A designer baby is a
human embryo which has been genetically
modified, usually following guidelines set by the
parent or scientist, to produce desirable traits.

33
Q

what can we do with designer babies

A

we can tamper with any genetic disorders and choose the sex

34
Q

How are designer babies made

A

IVF makes embryos then PGD helps us examine the embryos then once chosen they will be inserted into the woman.

35
Q

why do people use pharmocogenetics

A

because they will be able to check ahead of time if a medicine would benefit you or cause serious side effects

DNA & Inheritance (3 decks)

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