Everything Flashcards
Definition of Discrete Variation
- Discrete variation data is discovered by looking.
- Discrete Variation puts data/species into 2+ groups.
- Data should be shown in a bar chart
Definition of Continuous Variation
1.Continuous Variation has a range of differences from one extreme then another
2. The data has to be measured
3. The data is presented as a histogram
4. histogram should look like a normal distribution curve
What are chromosomes
Inside the nucleus’s are chromosomes. Chromosomes as long chunks/strands of DNA
Cells contain how many chromosomes?
- 23 from your mum and 23 from your dad
What are the four bases?
A , T , C and G
Which bases pair with each-other?
A pairs with T
C pairs with G
because of there certain shapes
what is the exterior laces/walls in the DNA shape called and what are they made of?
They are called uprights and made from sugar and phosphate
What does DNA stand for ( spell it too)
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACD
What is a codon
A codon is a sequence of three bases in DNA
What happens if the sequence of bases ( a codon) changes
The the codon will produce different amino acid to make different protein
What does a codon produce
A codon produces amino acid then the amino acid makes protein
What is a genetic disorder
A genetic disorder is a disease caused by a faulty in someones genes
what causes a genetic disorder
-Malfunctions in the DNA
-Missing/Extra Chromosomes
What is a mutation
A mutation is a change in a persons DNA sequence
What is Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy is the introduction of ‘normal’ genes into the cells of a human insted of their missing/ defective genes to correct genetic disorders
how is genetic therapy inserted
Genetic therapy can be when you are prescribed drugs then a vector carries the normal genes down to the into the cells
What is Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacogentics is the medication that is prescribed to you based on your genetic profile of what you would benefit from
what is DNA profiling
the process where a specific DNA pattern, called a profile, is obtained from DNA or sample of bodily tissue
When are five places DNA profiling can be used
- Forensic Science
- Paternity (Parent) testing
- Food Fraud
- identification of disease
- ancestry
Diffrences between Continuous and discrete variation
One you look to tell data other you have to measure it
One is shown as a histogram
One is shown as a bar chart
And one sets data in 2+ groups
What does PGD stand for
Pre- Implantation genetic diagnosis
What does IVF stand for
In- vitro fertilization
A liger + tiger makes a?
Liger
A donkey + Horse makes a?
Mule
when two different breeds mate is their baby will be Fertile or in fertile
In fertile / sterile
Zebra + shetland pony
Zebrony
Dolphin + false killer whale makes a?
Wholphin
what is variation
Variation is the DNA that separates everyone so our DNAS are not identical
what does the nucleas contain?
The nucleas contains all of our genetic material
the DNA shape can be described as?
as a double helix?
what are genes
Genes are sections/chunks of DNA which code our protein
What are designer babies
A designer baby is a
human embryo which has been genetically
modified, usually following guidelines set by the
parent or scientist, to produce desirable traits.
what can we do with designer babies
we can tamper with any genetic disorders and choose the sex
How are designer babies made
IVF makes embryos then PGD helps us examine the embryos then once chosen they will be inserted into the woman.
why do people use pharmocogenetics
because they will be able to check ahead of time if a medicine would benefit you or cause serious side effects
