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UK POL 1 > everything > Flashcards

everything Flashcards

1
Q

working class support for thatcher in 1979

A

11% C2 and 9% DE

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2
Q

economic context of the 1979 election

A

winter of discontent - strikes

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3
Q

media headline about the winter of discontent

A

‘labour isn’t working’

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4
Q

turnout and result of 1979 election

A

76% turnout, with Thatcher winning 43% vote.

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5
Q

context of the 1979 election

A

following vote of no confidence of callaghan

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6
Q

1997 turnout and result

A

71.4% turnout, Blair won 179 majority.
LibDems established as 3rd force.
Conservatives biggest loss since 1832, with 30.7% vote.

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7
Q

why do old people vote conservative?

A

More likely to be homeowners, so conservative policy benefits them the most.

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8
Q

why do yutes/educated people vote labour?

A

more likely to be renters or in education, so labour policy suits them best.

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9
Q

age voting evidence in 2019

A

2019 - 22% of 18-24 voted for Conservatives, compared to more than 60% of 60+.

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10
Q

turnout in 2019 in regards to age

A

turnout of 65+ voters compared to 18-24 was 25 percentage points higher.

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11
Q

was region a good indicator of voting behaviour in 1997?

A

no.
Blair got middle class seats from very conservative areas in the south east / east midlands

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12
Q

was region a good indicator of voting behaviour in 2019?

A

no.
Conservatives broke parts of the red wall.

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13
Q

SNP replaced Labour in Scotland from 2007

A

very good.

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14
Q

evidence that class is an getting worse as a voting intention indicator.

A

42% managerial category voted Conservative in 2019, compared to 78% in 1964.

34% semiskilled / unskilled / unemployed category voted Labour in 2019, compared to 64% in 1964.

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15
Q

what did blue collar workers think about labour in 2019?

A

that labour was not interested in protecting their interests in the context of Brexit and globalisation.

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16
Q

what is the link between education and voting behaviour?

A

People with fewer qualifications are more likely to vote for the Conservative party.

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17
Q

How was education a voting indicator in the 2016 Brexit referendum?

A

75% of people who’s highest qualification is GCSE voted to leave.
75% of people with one degree or more voted to remain.

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18
Q

how was education a good indicator of voting behaviour in the 2019 election?

A

43% of people with a degree or higher voted Labour, whilst 58% of people with GCSE or less voted for Conservatives.

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19
Q

was ethnicity a good indicator of voting intention in the 2019 election?

A

yes.
64% BME voters voted for Labour vs 20% for Conservatives.
but they also have lower turnout than white voters so in addition to making up less of the UK population, they don’t have a significant impact on the outcome of elections.

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20
Q

what is the relationship between valence and social factors?

A

as social factors become less important, valence factors become more important.

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21
Q

2019 general election turnout

A

67%

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22
Q

how many seats did SNP win in 2019?

A

48/59, replacing the two major parties.

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23
Q

What was the conservative voteshare compared to their seats in 2019?

A

they got 43.6% of the vote and 56.2% of the seats.

24
Q

what was the LibDem voteshare compared to their seats in 2019?

A

11.6% votes to 1.7% of the seats.

25
Q

evidence that the two major parties are declining in public support (voteshare)

A

Lab and Con combined got 65% of the vote in 2010, compared to 97% in 1951.

26
Q

example of private member bill from an MP from a minor party

A

SNP MP Whiteford introduced Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence Act 2017.

27
Q

How many seats did UKIP get in 2015 compared to their voteshare?

A

12.6% of the votes, compared to one seat.

28
Q

what percentage of the vote did Lab + Con get in 2019

A

67.3%

29
Q

when was the last time there was a non labour or conservative government?

A

1922, with the formal Liberal party.

30
Q

UK vs Hirst

A

the European Court of Human Rights ruled that prisoner voting rights in the UK, or the lack of them, were in violation of the European Convention of Human Rights.

31
Q

Success of the Howard League for Penal Reform.

A

in 2017, the electorate expanded to around 100 people when prisoners on temporary release were able to vote.

32
Q

Successes of the Votes at 16 Coalition

A

2014, 16s could vote in the Scottish Independence referendum.
in 2015, the Scottish Parliament expanded its electorate to 16 year olds.
in 2020, welsh senedd lowered the voting age to 16.

33
Q

Does the media have a positive impact on democracy?

A
  1. holds the government to account through publicising their failures. e.g. partygate.
  2. educates the public. particularly neutral outlets, such as the BBC. A more informed electorate may give a more legitimate mandate.
  3. media gives more people a voice in politics. encourages participation and engagement.
34
Q

Does the media hold the government to account?

A
  1. holds the government to account by publicising their flops. e.g. partygate
35
Q

evidence that human rights are protected in the UK.

A

1998 Human rights act
2000 Freedom of Information Act
2010 Equality Act

36
Q

Evidence that human rights are not protected in the UK.

A

2022 Policing, Sentencing, Crime and Courts Act

Proposed British Bill of Rights

COVID lockdown restrictions

Antiterrorism laws, such as
- Blair’s control orders, replaced by modified
Terrorism prevention and investigation
measures in 2011.
- Investigatory Powers Bill 2013

37
Q

why is parliament bad at protecting rights?

A

Parliamentary sovereignty + lack of entrenchment means that they can be revoked and changed.
e.g Policing, Sentencing, Crime and Courts Act 2022 restricted protesting rights.
Proposed British Bill of Rights incredibly problematic.
anything counterterrorist essentially limits individual rights (rightly so!)

38
Q

evidence of pressure groups successfully protecting civil liberties.

A

Care4Calais stopped deportation flight on 14th June to Rwanda.
Stonewall challenged the gay ban in the military and it was lifted in 2000. also introduction of the civil parentship act of 2004.

39
Q

evidence of pressure groups flopping at upholding civil liberties.

A

Howard League for Penal Reform was able to get the ECHR to declare incompatibility, though policy was not reformed.
extinction rebellion got fuck all done, same with Just Stop Oil.

40
Q

what affects the success of pressure groups?

A
  1. Government support / resources
    This can affect their status, e.g. stonewall in Thatchie times vs Blair. More resources means more influences.
  2. Public support
  3. Insider / outsider status
    proximity to legislation
  4. opposition groups
    can balance each other out.
41
Q

Arguments in favour of FPTP

A
  1. Close links between MPs and constituents due to constituencies.
  2. preventing extremist parties from getting into government.
  3. easy to use and know result quickly
  4. produces strong single party governments more frequently than proportional systems such as AMS.
42
Q

evidence that FPTP leads to strong ties between MP and constituent.

A

in 2022, 33 Conservative MPs went against Truss’ government and abstained from a vote about fracking, due to constituent stances on fracking.

43
Q

evidence that FPTP misrepresents MPs in constituencies.

A

McDonnell from the SDLP won seat with just 24.5% of the vote in 2015.
in 2015, SNP won 95% of the seats with just 50% of the vote.

44
Q

Evidence that FPTP makes it hard for extremists to succeed.

A

BNP got 2% national votes but didn’t finish higher than 3rd in any constituency.
compared to European parliament elections that use proportional closed party list system, allowing them to win 6.2% votes and 2 seats.

45
Q

what percentage of people voted tactically in 2019?

A

32% of people voted tactically in the 2019 election.

46
Q

example of a marginal seat.

A

Thanet South, which consequently receives a lot of campaigning.

47
Q

Evidence of Donkey voting in 2019 Northern Ireland elections.

A

first candidate alphabetically was elected 85% of the time, with the second alphabetically elected 54% of the time.

48
Q

what did locke argue about society?

A

there is a social contract between state and people as the government needs permission to promote freedom and the wishes of individuals.

49
Q

what are 3 things all liberals agree on in society ?

A
  1. society should promote individual freedom.
  2. Society should tolerate minorities and protect their rights.
  3. that society should be developmental, helping the worst off slightly.
50
Q

liberal beliefs about the state

A
  1. the state has enforce individual freedom.
  2. the state should be uninvolved in the economy.
  3. the state should be limited.
51
Q

liberal beliefs about the economy

A
  1. state has no role in the economy (laissez faire)
    2.
52
Q

what did woolstonecraft argue in the Vindication of Women’s Rights?

A

Women are rational like men and therefore need the same rights. State needs to act to enforce this.

53
Q

what did woolstonecraft say about the mind and gender?

A

‘the mind has no gender’.

54
Q

what did locke say about liberty?

A

‘preservation of their lives, liberty and estate’.

55
Q

evidence that the media has an influence on elections.

A

conservatives have won the past 4 elections and do so with a majority support of the press.
on the night before the 2017 election, the Daily Mail said ‘corbin’.

UK POL 1 (1 decks)

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