Everything Flashcards
How do we know if something is alive
growth, reproduction, movement, respiration, sensitivity, excretion, and nutrition
Name all forces
Push
Pull
Magnetism
Gravity
Friction
Acceleration
Spring
Tension
Applied
Drag
Buoyan
How do plants grow
Plants grow through photosynthesis, which is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy
How do plants get poisoned
Poisoning occurs when plants absorb harmful chemicals from the soil or air
What are the three laws of motion
In the first law, an object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it
In the second law, the force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration
In the third law, when two objects interact, they apply forces to each other of equal magnitude and opposite direction
What can forces and stretches do
Forces can stretch or compress objects.
What are moments
Moments are the turning effect of a force. Force x distance
What is pressure
Pressure is the force exerted per unit area
What are distance time graphs
Distance-time graphs show the distance traveled by an object over time.
What is Terminal velocity
Terminal velocity is the maximum speed an object can reach while falling through a fluid
Cell parts: + what are bacteria, viruses and fungi
Cells have many parts including the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
Bacteria / viruses / fungi / Disease: Bacteria, viruses, and fungi are microorganisms that can cause diseases
What are antibiotics
Antibiotics are medicines that kill or stop the growth of bacteria.
What is food preservation/ fermentation
Food preservation is the process of preventing food from spoiling. Fermentation is the process of converting sugar into alcohol or acid.
What is photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
What chemical test can you do for oxygen
Oxygen can be tested using a glowing splint.
What is lift in aeroplanes
Lift is the force that keeps airplanes in the air.
What is the ozone layer
The ozone layer is a layer of ozone gas in the Earth’s atmosphere that protects us from harmful UV rays
What is water
Water is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid that is essential for life
What test can be done for water
Water can be tested using cobalt chloride paper.
What test can be done for hydrogen
Hydrogen can be tested using a burning splint.
What is respiration
Respiration is the process by which living things convert glucose into energy
What is seed germination
Seed germination is the process by which a seed grows into a plant.
What are sound waves
Sound waves are vibrations that travel through the air
What are waves
Waves are disturbances that travel through a medium (object)
What test can be done for carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide can be tested using limewater
What is white light reflection and what happens with it
White light is a combination of all colors in the visible spectrum.
When white light hits an object, it can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted.
The color we perceive is determined by the wavelengths of light that are reflected by the object.
How do we see objects
We see objects because light reflects off them and enters our eyes.
The reflected light enters the eye through the cornea, passes through the pupil, and gets focused by the lens onto the retina.
The retina contains light-sensitive cells called rods and cones that convert light into electrical signals, which are then sent to the brain for interpretation.
what is Reflection/Refraction:
Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface.
Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, due to a change in its speed.
These phenomena play a crucial role in the formation of images in mirrors, lenses, and other optical devices.
Parts of the Eye:
Cornea: The transparent outer covering that protects the eye and helps focus incoming light.
Pupil: The adjustable opening in the center of the iris that controls the amount of light entering the eye.
Lens: A flexible structure that changes shape to focus light onto the retina.
Retina: The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that contains rods and cones.
Optic Nerve: Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
Images in the Eye:
The lens of the eye focuses the incoming light onto the retina, forming an inverted image.
The retina then converts the light into electrical signals that are sent to the brain via the optic nerve.
The brain processes these signals and interprets them, resulting in the perception of a right-side-up image.
Acids/Alkalis/Bases:
Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water and have a pH less than 7.
Alkalis (also called bases) are substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-) in water and have a pH greater than 7.
Acids and alkalis can react with each other to form water and a salt in a process called neutralization.
pH Scale:
The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
It ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.
Values below 7 indicate acidity, with lower values being more acidic, while values above 7 indicate alkalinity, with higher values being more alkaline.
Chromatography
Chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their different solubilities and interactions with a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
It is commonly used in scientific research, forensics, and chemical analysis to identify components in a mixture.
Chlorophyll:
Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells and is responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis.
It absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light, which gives plants their characteristic green color.
Chlorophyll plays a vital role in converting light energy into chemical energy, enabling plants to produce glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis
