EVERYTHING Flashcards
What is an infectious disease?
Disease that can be spread from person to person by viruses and bacteria
What is a non infectious disease?
Disease which cant be spread from person to person but through genetics or environment that you live in
Another word for infectious disease
communicable
What is a droplet infection?
Caused when a healthy person inhales a drop of saliva or bacteria from infected person
What is a prokaryote cell?
Prokaryote cells are cells that don’t contain a well developed nucleus
Shape of antibody
“Y” shape so that it can connect and transfer chemicals to pathogen
What is non specific defence mechanisms?
Non specific fend off all microorganism equally
What is specific defence mechanisms?
Mechanisms that are tailored to kill particular cells and pathogens in the body
What are cytokins?
Small proteins which control the growth of immune system cells & blood cells, when released it signals the immune system to do it’s job
What is the innate immune response?
white blood cells that resist any foreign substance, lacks memory
What is the adaptive immune response?
white blood cells with a memory, knows how to respond to pathogen if it comes back
What are physical barriers?
host’s first line of defence when a pathogen enters the body
What happens if pathogen passes physical barriers?
They encounter innate cells which are the 2nd line of defence
What is inflammation?
Is a response triggered by damaged tissue. When blood vessels and migration of fluids increase
Where are T cells produced and mature?
Produce: Bone Marrow
Mature: Thymus
Where are B cells produced and mature?
Produce: Bone Marrow
Mature: Bone Marrow
What do B and T cells travel through?
Lymphatic system
How to prevent plasmodium parasites?
Prevention can be mosquito repellents spray, repellent patches, wear long sleeved clothing, take antimalarial medication
What are antibiotics?
medicines that fight infections caused by bacteria in humans by either killing the bacteria or making it difficult for the bacteria to grow
Issues with taking too many antibiotics?
Taking antibiotics too often or for the wrong reasons can change bacteria so much that antibiotics don’t work against them. This is called bacterial resistance.
What are interferons?
proteins that are part of your natural defenses. They tell your immune system that germs or cells are in your body. They trigger killer immune cells to fight those invaders. They “interfere” with viruses and keep them from multiplying.
How can mucus assist in an immune response?
Mucus layer provides an first host barrier to inhaled pathogens
What are the 4 SHE concepts?
communication and collaboration, development, influence, application and limitation
What type of molecule are antibodies.
proteins
What is phagocytosis
The process by which a phagocyte (a type of white blood cell) surrounds and destroys foreign substances (such as bacteria)
How does the body tell the difference between self and non self cells?
leukocyte antigens
Difference between antibodies and antigens
Antigen = bad microorganism
Antibodies = fight off bad things
passive vs active
passive = antibodies spread from something else (person)
Active = antibodies created by themselves
