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biology cellular processes and multicellular system revision > everything > Flashcards

everything Flashcards

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1
Q

draw and label a mitochondria and chloroplast cell

A

mitochondria- critae, inner membrane, outermembrane, intermembrane space, matrix

chloroplast- grunum, thylakoids, stroma, inner membrane, outer membrane, lumen

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2
Q

state the net equation for photsynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water > glucose + oxygen

6C02 +6H20 >C6H1206 + 602

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3
Q

draw a diagram of the light independent an dependent process of phtotsynthesis

A
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4
Q

whats the function of NADP+

A

the co-enzyme picks up hydrogen ions and carries them to the next reaction as NADPH

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5
Q

OUTLINE 3 FACTORS THAT EFFECT THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

A

LIGHT- INTESNITY OF LIGHT ^ RATE OF PHOTO SYNTHESIS^
CONCENTRATION OF CO- ^ VOLUME OF CO2 ^ RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

these both eventually plateau

TEMPERATURE- ^ TEMP ^RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
till the proteins denature

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6
Q

describe one methis that could be used to measure the rate of photosynthesis. list the variables

A

aim- how the concentration of CO2 effects the rate of photosynthesis
independent- concentration of CO2 IN EACH bicarbionate solution
dependent how quickly the chad rises
controllled- amount of light, the temp, the volume of the solution

leaf chad experiment

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7
Q

draw the 3 step process of aerobic respiration

A
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8
Q

state the ractants an products of glycolysis

A

1 glucose > 2 pyruvate and 2 ATP MOLECULES

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9
Q

WASTE PRODUCTS FROM ANAROBIC RESPIRATION IN ANIMALSA ND PLANTS

A

ANIMAL- lactic acid
PLANT- ethanole, CO2 and water

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10
Q

whats the role of hydrogen transporters in aerobic respiration

A

to transport hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain where the the ions flow through atp synthase enzymes to produce 32 molecules of ATP

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11
Q

THINGS THAT EFFECT THE RATE OF RESPIRATION

A
  • CONCENTRTION OF OXYGEN
  • CONCENTRATION OF GLUCOSE
  • TEMPERATURE
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12
Q

HOW DOES A RESPIROMETER WORK

A

it measures the amount of oxygen being consumes by the organism, and any CO2 produced is absorbed by the apparatus so any change in gas volume is due to the remolval of oxygen through aerobic respiration

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13
Q

design a experiment to measure how the availability of glucose effects the rate of resiration

A

yeast and water in a bottle and add differen amounts of water into each bottle and measure how large the balloon gets that is an approximate amount of the CO2 released

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14
Q

what are organisms levels of organisation

A

cells, tissues, organ, organ system, organism

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15
Q

whats the level of organisation more simple than cells

A

organells which are a small a part o a cell that has a specific funtion

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16
Q

list 3 examples of body systems

A

resiratory system, digestive system and circulatroy system

17
Q

2 exmples of tissues

A

epithelial tissue (digestive), muscle tissue

18
Q

whats the defintion of a tissue

A

a group of similar cells that work together to do the same job

19
Q

evolutionary process between unicellular organiss loining to become one multicelluar organism

A

multicelluarity developed as a result of co-operations between cellls, they worked together ti become more efficient

20
Q

ist the advantages and disadvantages of multicellularity

A

+
- specialisced meaninf they can do one particular thing very well
- cells share nutrients
- allows organism to grow larger and live longer

  • requires more energy
  • takes longer to reproduce
  • cells rarely work alone
  • several different cells have to come together to make an organ
21
Q

what are the features requires for gas exchange

A

moist - allows gases to dissolve as they diffuse through the membrane
thin+ highly permeable membrane- allows quick and easy passage
large SA:VOL- allows fro efficient diffucion into the cells
different concentration outside of cell- maintains concentration gradient

22
Q

differences between respiratory system of mammals and insects

A

mammals occour in internal environment because exchange surfaces are highly specialised and could be easily damaged or dehydrated if notinsects have spirakles ehich go straight to exchange at the tissues through networks of trachea and tracheoles then to the muscle tissue. mammals have agreater separation of exhange surfaces too, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi

23
Q

what types of gaseous exchange does a fish have and what is the function of them.

A

through their gills, the water flows over the lamella which is a comb like structure (large sa) filled with capillaries for gaseous exchange to occur.

24
Q

what are the 4 key systems of gas exchange

A

lungs, gills, spiracles, skin

25
Q

if a frog gets a fungal infection which causes rashes and harneing of skin why is it fatal?

A

amphipians are more effected as theyre skin breathers, if the infection causes hardness and rashes on the skin its effecting the semi permeable skin as well as the ability for them to regulate their water levels

26
Q

different types of feeders and examples of each

A

suspension feeders- sifts small particles out of passing water (whale shark)
substrate- live in or on their food source(catepillars
fluid- suck fluids out from a host (mosquito)
bulk- ingest large pieces of food (humans or most animals)

27
Q

whats mechanical digestion

A

the food being physically broken down by either the mouth or churring in the stomach

28
Q

whats chemical digestion

A

ensymes breaking chemical bonds to reduce the substances into their simplest form. carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides and disaccharides via amylase
lipids are broken down into glycerides by lipase

29
Q

why is digestion important when considering absorption

A

becasue digestion involves the breaking down of large substance into smaller substances to that it can be eaily absorbed by diffusion or active transport.

30
Q

whats the alimentary and gastrovascular canal

A

alimentary canal- one opening and one exit

gastrovascular- single cavity where ingestion and egestion occur

31
Q

what length digestive system does a carnivor have

A

carnivores have a very simple digestive system containing one stomach chamber and a short digestive tract

32
Q

what are the different feeding behaviors of a carnivor and a herbivore

A

carnivores do not need to eat as frequently or for as long
herbicores requiew more fequent feedinf ans excessive cheing to allow digestion

33
Q

what as ruminat herbivore

A

hoofed or grasinf mammals that aquire plant based food by fermenting it in stomach prior digestion
these herbivores have a 4 chambered stomach

34
Q

whats hindcut fermentation

A

seen in animals with a single chambered stomach and fermentation occurs later on in the cecum and colon they then poop this out and eat their waste to digest this the second time around and to absorb max nutrition

biology cellular processes and multicellular system revision (1 decks)

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