Everything Flashcards
Examples of Abiotic factors
Sunlight, Water availability, Pollutants
Examples of Biotic factors
Predation, Competition
Parasites?
An organism that uses its host for its own benefit, leaving the host in detrament
What do you use a quadrat and transect for?
- Used to compare areas where an organism occupies. Quadrats enable an estimate to be made for the number of these organisms within a habitat.
- Used to measure the distribution and change of organism throughout an environmental gradient.
How do you avoid sampling bias when using quadrats?
Quadrats must be laid randomly in the area to avoid sampling bias
This random sampling can be done by converting the sampling area into a grid format and labelling each square on the grid with a number
Then a random number generator is used to pick the sample points
When do you use a Belt Transect?
Investigating the distribution (of a particular species) across an environmental gradient using a belt transect
Abiotic factors normally cause the change and thus you can use a Belt transect to measure how the abiotic factors influence each quadrat within the straight transect.
What is a Belt Transect?
A line made with tape, which sampling is performed against.
Quadrats are placed against this line at regular intervals to take sampling tests at each line point.
What is a line transect?
Quadrats arent used. A tape is placed in a straight line and organisms are sampled at a regular interval on the tape.
What isn’t good about using line transects?
This method doesn’t measure the abundance of organisms (individual organisms) within an area.
When to use a quadrat?
When you want to measure the population difference between two different areas.
- Or when you want to make an estimate on the population of the whole habitat that you are taking sampling tests from.
How do you work out the mean for quadrants?
total number of organisms/ number of quadrats
How do you work out the population size based on quadrats?
mean number of organisms x total area of habitat
What is the disadvantages of Fish farming?
- Creates an large amount of waste that can lead to eutrophication
- Present parasites leave the nets and enter the open waters, where they infect wild animals and kill them
- Nets can catch onto wild animals and kill them
- Farmed fish can escape and invade ecosystems and effect wild indigenous species
How does carbon come down from the air in the carbon cycle?
Photosynthesis
Meaning of nitrogen fixation?
Turning nitrogen gas into nitrogen containing ions that are more useful for plants
